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London
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London (/ˈlʌndən/ ( listen) LUN-dən) is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.[8][9] Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia.

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London (/ˈlʌndən/ (About this sound listen) LUN-dən) is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.[8][9] Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium.[10] London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire,[11][12][13] which today largely makes up Greater London,[14][15][note 1] a region governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[16][note 2][17]

London is one of the leading global cities[18][19] in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation.[20][21][22] It is the world's largest financial centre[23][24][25][26] and has the fifth or sixth largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.[note 3][27][28] London is often regarded as a world cultural capital.[29][30][31] It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals[32] and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.[33] It is the world's leading investment destination,[34][35][36][37] hosting more international retailers[38][39] and ultra high-net-worth individuals[40][41] than any other city. London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe.[42] In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.[43]

London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region.[44] Its estimated mid-2016 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,787,892,[4] the largest of any city in the European Union[45] and accounting for 13.4% of the UK population.[46] London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census.[47] The city's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016,[note 4][3] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million.[48][49] London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.[50]

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).[51] Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres.[52] The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

 

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  Author Tuev_global@yizuo-media.com National Gallery London
2 years ago
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  Author Tuev_global@yizuo-media.com Westminster Palace/威斯敏斯特宫
2 years ago
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威斯敏斯特宫英语Palace of Westminster),又稱國會大厦(Houses of Parliament),位於英國倫敦西敏市,是英國國會(包括上議院下議院)的所在地。西敏宮坐落在泰晤士河西岸,接近白廳範圍內的其他政府建築物。西敏宮是哥德復興式建築的代表作之一,1987年被列为世界文化遗产。西北角的钟楼就是著名的大本钟所在地。

该建筑包括约1,100个独立房间、100座楼梯和4.8公里长的走廊。尽管今天的宫殿基本上由19世纪重修而来,但依然保留了初建时的许多历史遗蹟,如威斯敏斯特厅(可追溯至1097年),今天用作重大的公共庆典仪式,如国葬前的陈列等。

威斯敏斯特宫及周边区域的掌控权几个世纪以来属于英王的代理:掌礼大臣1965年,通过与王室达成协议,上下两院获得控制权。但也依然有个别纪念厅室继续由掌礼大臣管理。

在1834年發生的火災幾乎將西敏宮完全燒毀,今天的宫殿于1830年代开始由建筑师查尔斯·巴里爵士和他的助手A.W.普金设计完成,并在此后进行了30余年的施工。该方案也将威斯敏斯特厅和圣斯蒂芬堂遗蹟也纳入其中。进入20世纪,威斯敏斯特宫进行过陆续的修缮,二战期间,曾遭到德军轰炸,部分建筑结构受损,此后又陆续进行过维修和小规模的结构调整。今天既是英国政府机构的代表建筑,也是伦敦当地一处著名的旅游景点。

  Author elaine@yizuo-media.com St Margaret’s Church 圣玛格丽特教堂
2 years ago
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  Author Francesca@yizuo-media.com Themse 泰晤士河
2 years ago
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  Author Francesca@yizuo-media.com Themse 泰晤士河
2 years ago
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