Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科

       
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Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2026

2026年世界盃足球賽 2026年世界杯足球赛/2026 FIFA World Cup/Coupe du monde de football 2026/Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2026
Anzahl Nationen 48 Austragungsort Kanada Mexiko USA Eröffnungsspiel 11. Juni 2026 (Mexiko-Stadt) Endspiel 19. Juli 2026 (East Rutherford) Endrundenteilnehmer 8 AFC (Asien) 9 CAF (Afrika) 6 CONCACAF (Nord-, Mittelamerika und Karibik) (inklusive Gastgeber) 6 CONCACAF (Nord-, Mittelamerika und Karibik) (inklusive Gastgeber) 1 OFC (Ozeanien) 16 UEFA (Europa)
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Catalog AFC Champions League 2015 Catalog AFC Champions League 2016 Catalog AFC Champions League 2017 Catalog AFC Champions League 2018 Catalog AFC Champions League 2019 Catalog Asian Football Confederation Catalog CONCACAF Catalog Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol Catalog Confederation of African Football Catalog FIFA Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 1990 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 1994 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 1998 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2002 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2006 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2010 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2014 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2018 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2022 Catalog FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft 2026 Catalog FIFA-Konföderationen-Pokal 2013 Catalog FIFA-Konföderationen-Pokal 2017 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 1991 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 1995 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 1999 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 2003 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 2007 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 2011 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 2015 Catalog Women's Soccer World Cup 2019 Catalog Oceania Football Confederation Catalog Switzerland Zurich Catalog Sport (F)Football Women's World Cup Catalog Sport (F)AFC Champions League Catalog Sport (F)International soccer leagues Catalog Sport (F)CAF Champions League Catalog Sport (F)CONCACAF Champions League Catalog Sport (F)Copa Libertadores Catalog Sport (F)UEFA Champions League Catalog Sport (F)European football championship Catalog Sport (F)FIFA U-20 World Cup Catalog Sport (F)FIFA Confederations Cup Catalog Sport (F)Soccer Asia Cup Catalog Sport (F)African Cup of Nations Catalog UEFA Champions League 2015/16 Catalog UEFA Champions League 2016/17 Catalog UEFA Champions League 2017/18 Catalog UEFA Champions League 2018/19 Catalog UEFA Champions League 2019/20 Catalog UEFA Europa League 2017/18 Catalog UEFA Europa League 2018/19 Catalog UEFA Europa League 2019/20 Catalog UEFA Nations League Catalog Union of European Football Associations Catalog Important International Organizations
国际足球联合会/Fédération Internationale de Football Association

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国际足球联合会(法语:Fédération Internationale de Football Association;英语:International Federation of Association Football[注 1]),简称国际足联FIFA),是管理英式足球室内五人足球沙滩足球国际体育组织,下辖211个会员协会。总部设于瑞士苏黎世。现任主席吉安尼·因凡蒂诺。国际足联负责组织世界重大足球赛事,当中最著名的是4年举行一次的世界杯[3]

Die Fédération Internationale de Football Association (deutsch Internationaler Verband des Association Football), kurz FIFA oder Fifa, ist ein privater Verband, der „die Kontrolle des Association Football in all seinen Formen“ zum Zweck hat.[3] Der Weltfußballverband ist ein gemeinnütziger Verein im Sinne der Artikel 60 ff. des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches mit Sitz in Zürich und im Handelsregister eingetragen.[4][5][6] Die FIFA muss als nicht steuerbefreiter Verein im Kanton Zürich eine reduzierte Gewinnsteuer von 4 % entrichten.[1][2]

Die FIFA erwirtschaftet in ihrer aktuellen Vierjahresertragsperiode 5,66 Milliarden Dollar, die zu 89 % aus der Vermarktung der von ihr organisierten Männer-Fußball-WM stammen. Darüber hinaus organisiert sie auch die Frauen-Fußball-WM und zahlreiche weitere Turniere. Ihr Präsident ist Gianni Infantino.

国際サッカー連盟(こくさいサッカーれんめい、: Fédération Internationale de Football Association)は、サッカー(アソシエーション式フットボール)の国際競技連盟であり、スイスの法律に基づいた自立法人である。略称FIFA(フランス語発音: [fifa] フィファ、英語発音: [ˈfiːfə] フィーファ)。本部はスイスチューリッヒに置かれている。

2018年時点で全211の国内競技連盟が加盟し[1]、国際競技連盟としては世界最大である[3]FIFAワールドカップFIFA女子ワールドカップの主催が、もっとも大きな任務となっている。

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association[a] (FIFA /ˈffə/ FEE-fə; French for International Federation of Association Football; Spanish: Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación; German: Internationaler Verband des Association Football) is a non-profit organization which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, fútsal, beach soccer, and efootball. It is the highest governing body of football.

FIFA was founded in 1904[3] to oversee international competition among the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, its membership now comprises 211 national associations. Member countries must each also be members of one of the six regional confederations into which the world is divided: Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania, and South America.

Today, FIFA outlines a number of objectives in the organizational Statues, including growing football internationally, providing efforts to ensure football is accessible to everyone, and advocating for integrity and fair play.[4] FIFA is responsible for the organization and promotion of football's major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991. Although FIFA does not solely set the rules of football, that being the responsibility of the International Football Association Board of which FIFA is a member, it applies and enforces the rules across all FIFA competitions.[5] All FIFA tournaments generate revenue from sponsorship; in 2018, FIFA had revenues of over US $4.6 billion, ending the 2015–2018 cycle with a net positive of US$1.2 billion, and had cash reserves of over US$2.7 billion.[6]

Reports by investigative journalists have linked FIFA leadership with corruption, bribery, and vote-rigging related to the election of FIFA president Sepp Blatter and the organization's decision to award the 2018 and 2022 World Cups to Russia and Qatar, respectively. These allegations led to the indictments of nine high-ranking FIFA officials and five corporate executives by the U.S. Department of Justice on charges including racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering. On 27 May 2015, several of these officials were arrested by Swiss authorities, who were launching a simultaneous but separate criminal investigation into how the organization awarded the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. Those among these officials who were also indicted in the U.S. are expected to be extradited to face charges there as well.[7][8][9] Many officials were suspended by FIFA's ethics committee including Sepp Blatter[10] and Michel Platini.[11] In early 2017 reports became public about FIFA president Gianni Infantino attempting to prevent the re-elections[12] of both chairmen of the ethics committee, Cornel Borbély and Hans-Joachim Eckert, during the FIFA congress in May 2017.[13][14] On 9 May 2017, following Infantino's proposal,[15] FIFA Council decided not to renew the mandates of Borbély and Eckert.[15] Together with the chairmen, 11 of 13 committee members were removed.[16]

La Fédération internationale de football association2 (souvent désignée par l'acronyme FIFA) est la fédération sportive internationale du football, du futsal et du football de plage. Association des fédérations nationales fondée le 21 mai 1904 à Paris, elle a pour vocation de gérer et de développer le football dans le monde. La Coupe du monde de football est créée en 1924 par Jules Rimet3, président de la fédération internationale de 1920 à 1954. Le terme Football Association est le nom originel du football, utilisé pour le distinguer des autres sports de ballon.

Fondée par les fédérations d'Allemagne, de Belgique, du Danemark, d'Espagne, de France, des Pays-Bas, de Suède et de Suisse, elle compte au 13 mai 2016 211 associations nationales affiliées à travers le monde, qui doivent être reconnues par l'une des six confédérations continentales. Son siège est situé depuis 1932 à Zurich, en Suisse.

Bien qu'étant officiellement une association à but non lucratif, la FIFA brasse un chiffre d'affaires très important du fait de l'organisation des compétitions et de leur sponsoring. En 2013, la FIFA génère 1,3 milliard de dollars de chiffre d'affaires, et dispose de réserves évaluées à 1,4 milliard de dollars4. La FIFA est chargée de l'organisation des grands tournois mondiaux, et notamment des Coupes du monde masculines, depuis le 13 juillet 1930, et féminines, depuis le 30 novembre 1991.

Après plusieurs années de rumeurs et d'enquêtes de journalistes sur les affaires financières au sein de la FIFA, notamment autour de l'attribution de l'organisation des Coupes du monde de 2018 et 2022 à la Russie et au Qatar, une enquête lancée par le département de la Justice des États-Unis pour des faits de corruption aboutit à un grand scandale en 2015, à la suite duquel le président Sepp Blatter, le 2 juin 2015, trois jours après sa réélection pour un cinquième mandat, annonce qu'il convoque un congrès extraordinaire, prévu en février 2016, afin de remettre son mandat de président à disposition. Le 8 octobre 2015, la commission d'éthique de la FIFA suspend Sepp Blatter de manière provisoire, pendant 90 jours5. Le 21 décembre 2015, la commission suspend Sepp Blatter pour 8 ans6. Cette suspension est ramenée à six ans le 24 février 2016, peu avant l'élection de son successeur, Gianni Infantino, le 26 février 2016.

La Fédération Internationale de Football Association (in italiano "Federazione internazionale di calcio"[Nota 1]), più nota con l'acronimo FIFA, è la federazione internazionale che governa gli sport del calcio, del calcio a 5 e del beach soccer. La sua sede si trova a Zurigo, in Svizzera, e il presidente è Gianni Infantino, eletto nel 2016.

La federazione fu fondata a Parigi il 21 maggio 1904 e si occupa dell'organizzazione di tutte le manifestazioni intercontinentali degli sport sopraccitati, tra le quali la più importante è sicuramente il Campionato mondiale di calcio, che premia il vincitore con il trofeo della Coppa del Mondo. Tale torneo viene disputato ogni quattro anni dal 1930, eccetto che per il 1942 e il 1946 a causa della Seconda guerra mondiale, e la federazione ha il compito di scegliere il paese organizzatore che ospita la fase finale della manifestazione.

La Fédération Internationale de Football Association2​ (en español: Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación),3​ universalmente conocida por sus siglas FIFA, es la institución que gobierna las federaciones de fútbol en todo el planeta. Se fundó el 21 de mayo de 1904 y tiene su sede en Zúrich, Suiza. Forma parte del IFAB, organismo encargado de modificar las reglas del juego. Además, la FIFA organiza la Copa Mundial de Fútbol, los otros campeonatos del mundo en sus distintas categorías, ramas y variaciones de la disciplina, y los Torneos Olímpicos a la par del COI.

La FIFA agrupa 211 asociaciones o federaciones de fútbol de distintos países, contando con 17 países afiliados más que la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, tres menos que la Asociación Internacional de Federaciones de Atletismo y dos menos que la Federación Internacional de Baloncesto.45

Междунаро́дная федера́ция футбо́ла[1] (фр. Fédération Internationale de Football Association, сокращённо FIFA, в русской транслитерации — ФИФА́) — главная футбольная организация, являющаяся крупнейшим международным руководящим органом в футболе, мини-футболе и пляжном футболе. Штаб-квартира ФИФА находится в швейцарском городе Цюрихе.

Под эгидой ФИФА проходят все футбольные турниры всемирного масштаба, в числе которых чемпионат мира ФИФА, аналогичный турнир среди женщин, молодёжные и юношеские турниры, Кубок конфедераций и клубный чемпионат мира.

 

 

 

 

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足球世界盃獎盃 足球世界杯奖杯/FIFA World Cup Trophy
Brazil 5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002) Germany 4 (1954, 1974 , 1990, 2014) Italy 4 (1934 , 1938, 1982, 2006) Argentina 3 (1978 , 1986, 2022) France 2 (1998 , 2018) Uruguay 2 (1930 , 1950) England 1 (1966 ) Spain 1 (2010)

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吉列体育场
Ort 1 Patriot Place Vereinigte Staaten Foxborough, Massachusetts 02035 Koordinaten ♁42° 5′ 27,3″ N, 71° 15′ 51,6″ WKoordinaten: 42° 5′ 27,3″ N, 71° 15′ 51,6″ W | | OSM Eigentümer Robert K. Kraft Baubeginn 24. März 2000 Eröffnung 9. September 2002 Renovierungen 2022–2023 (geplant) Oberfläche Naturrasen (2002–2006) FieldTurf (seit 2006) Kosten 325 Mio. US-Dollar (2002) Architekt Populous Kapazität NFL: 65.878 Plätze (seit 2015) 68.756 Plätze (2002–2014) MLS: 20.000 Plätze (erweiterbar)
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金球獎 金球奖/FIFA World Cup awards
1982 Spain  Paolo Rossi, 1986 Mexico  Diego Maradona, 1990 Italy  Salvatore Schillaci, 1994 United States  Romário, 1998 France  Ronaldo, 2002 South Korea/Japan  Oliver Kahn, 2006 Germany  Zinedine Zidane, 2010 South Africa  Diego Forlán, 2014 Brazil  Lionel Messi, 2018 Russia  Luka Modrić, 2022 Qatar  Lionel Messi
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最佳守門員獎 最佳守门员奖/FIFA World Cup awards Golden Glove/Yashin Award/Golden Glove Award
1994 United States Belgium Michel Preud'homme, 1998 France France Fabien Barthez, 2002 South Korea/Japan Germany Oliver Kahn, 2006 Germany Italy Gianluigi Buffon, 2010 South Africa Spain Iker Casillas, 2014 Brazil Germany Manuel Neuer, 2018 Russia Belgium Thibaut Courtois, 2022 Qatar Argentina Emiliano Martínez

Official Award
Lev Yashin Award
World Cup Lev Yashin Award Clean sheets
1994 United States Belgium Michel Preud'homme 2
1998 France France Fabien Barthez 5
2002 South Korea/Japan Germany Oliver Kahn 5
2006 Germany Italy Gianluigi Buffon 5
Golden Glove
World Cup Golden Glove Clean sheets
2010 South Africa Spain Iker Casillas 5
2014 Brazil Germany Manuel Neuer 4
2018 Russia Belgium Thibaut Courtois 3
2022 Qatar Argentina Emiliano Martínez 3
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金鞋獎 金鞋奖/FIFA World Cup awards Golden Shoe/Golden Boot/Top Goalscorer
1978 Argentina  Mario Kempes, 1982 Spain  Paolo Rossi, 1986 Mexico  Gary Lineker, 1990 Italy  Salvatore Schillaci, 1994 United States  Oleg Salenko  Hristo Stoichkov, 1998 France  Davor Šuker, 2002 South Korea/Japan  Ronaldo, 2006 Germany  Miroslav Klose, 2010 South Africa  Thomas Müller, 2014 Brazil  James Rodríguez, 2018 Russia  Harry Kane, 2022 Qatar  Kylian Mbappé
 
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Top goalscorer[45][46]
World Cup Top goalscorer Goals Runners-up Goals Third place Goals
1930 Uruguay Argentina Guillermo Stábile 8 Uruguay Pedro Cea 5 United States Bert Patenaude 4
1934 Italy Czechoslovakia Oldřich Nejedlý 5[a] Germany Edmund Conen
Italy Angelo Schiavio
4 None

1938 France Brazil Leônidas 7[b] Hungary György Sárosi
Hungary Gyula Zsengellér
Italy Silvio Piola
5 None

1950 Brazil Brazil Ademir 9[c] Uruguay Óscar Míguez 5 Uruguay Alcides Ghiggia
Brazil Chico
Spain Estanislau Basora
Spain Telmo Zarra
4
1954 Switzerland Hungary Sándor Kocsis 11 Switzerland Josef Hügi
West Germany Max Morlock
Austria Erich Probst
6 None

1958 Sweden France Just Fontaine 13 Brazil Pelé
West Germany Helmut Rahn
6 None

1962 Chile Hungary Flórián Albert
Soviet Union Valentin Ivanov
Brazil Garrincha
Brazil Vavá
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dražan Jerković
Chile Leonel Sánchez
4 None

None

1966 England Portugal Eusébio 9 West Germany Helmut Haller 6 West Germany Franz Beckenbauer
Hungary Ferenc Bene
England Geoff Hurst
Soviet Union Valeriy Porkujan
4
1970 Mexico West Germany Gerd Müller 10 Brazil Jairzinho 7 Peru Teófilo Cubillas 5
1974 West Germany Poland Grzegorz Lato 7 Netherlands Johan Neeskens
Poland Andrzej Szarmach
5 None

1978 Argentina[50] Argentina Mario Kempes 6 Peru Teófilo Cubillas 5 Netherlands Rob Rensenbrink 5
Golden Shoe[44]
World Cup Golden Shoe Goals Silver Shoe Goals Bronze Shoe Goals
1982 Spain Italy Paolo Rossi 6 West Germany Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 5 Brazil Zico 4
1986 Mexico England Gary Lineker 6 Spain Emilio Butragueño
Brazil Careca
Argentina Diego Maradona
5 None[51]
1990 Italy Italy Salvatore Schillaci 6 Czechoslovakia Tomáš Skuhravý 5 England Gary Lineker
Cameroon Roger Milla
4
1994 United States Russia Oleg Salenko[d]
Bulgaria Hristo Stoichkov[e]
6 None

Sweden Kennet Andersson
Brazil Romário
5[f]
1998 France[54] Croatia Davor Šuker 6 Argentina Gabriel Batistuta
Italy Christian Vieri
5 None[g]
2002 South Korea/Japan[55] Brazil Ronaldo 8[h] Germany Miroslav Klose
Brazil Rivaldo
5
2006 Germany[57] Germany Miroslav Klose 5 Argentina Hernán Crespo 3[i] Brazil Ronaldo 3[i]
Golden Boot[44]
World Cup Golden Boot Goals Silver Boot Goals Bronze Boot Goals
2010 South Africa Germany Thomas Müller 5[j] Spain David Villa 5[j] Netherlands Wesley Sneijder 5[j]
2014 Brazil Colombia James Rodríguez 6 Germany Thomas Müller 5 Brazil Neymar 4[k]
2018 Russia England Harry Kane 6 France Antoine Griezmann 4[l] Belgium Romelu Lukaku 4[l]
2022 Qatar France Kylian Mbappé 8 Argentina Lionel Messi 7 France Olivier Giroud 4[m]
Notes
  1. ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy and Edmund Conen of Germany. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer.[47]
  2. ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals. However, in November 2006, FIFA confirmed that in the quarter-final tie against Czechoslovakia, he had scored once, not twice as FIFA had originally recorded, meaning he had scored only seven goals in total.[47]
  3. ^ There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain (6–1). The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir.[48][49]
  4. ^ Salenko is the only player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stage. His six goals are the only international goals he ever scored.
  5. ^ Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with six goals and one assist each, and both received the Golden Shoe.[52]
  6. ^ Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals (Jürgen Klinsmann and Roberto Baggio) by having three assists each.[52][53]
  7. ^ Both runners-up had the same number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe.
  8. ^ During the tournament, after the group stage match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal, and FIFA granted him the change.[56]
  9. Jump up to:a b Eight players had scored three goals. Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime (308 minutes for Crespo, 411 for Ronaldo, 559 for Zidane).[58]
  10. Jump up to:a b c Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals. Müller won by virtue of having more assists (three) than the rest (each had one). Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder, and Sneijder won the Bronze Boot due to having played fewer minutes than Forlán.[59]
  11. ^ Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors (480; Messi played 693 minutes, and Van Persie, 548).[60]
  12. Jump up to:a b Griezmann, Lukaku, Denis CheryshevCristiano Ronaldo and Kylian Mbappé tied with four goals. In the assists tiebreaker, Griezmann won the Silver Boot by virtue of having two, while Lukaku got the Bronze Boot as he had one. The rest had zero.[61]
  13. ^ Giroud and Julián Álvarez tied with four goals. Giroud won the Bronze Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Álvarez.[62]
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瓜達拉哈拉 瓜达拉哈拉
Guadalajara spanisch [gwaðalaˈxaɾa] ist die Hauptstadt des Bundesstaates Jalisco und mit ca. 1,9 Mio. Einwohnern (Stadt) und ca. 5 Mio. (Metropolitanregion) die zweitgrößte Stadt in Mexiko. Die Stadt ist Sitz eines Erzbischofs und ist auch bekannt unter dem Namen Perla del Occidente (spanisch für „Perle des Westens“). Die Stadt ist Ausgangspunkt vieler mexikanischer Traditionen wie der Musik der Mariachi und des Tanzes Jarabe Tapatío.

瓜达拉哈拉市西班牙语Guadalajara纳瓦特尔语:Atemaxac)是墨西哥哈利斯科州的首府,也是瓜达拉哈拉大都市区的首府、墨西哥第二大城市。瓜达拉哈拉市地处墨西哥西太平洋区,在哈里斯科州的中心,建立于1542年,面积187.91平方公里,海拔高度1560米。

瓜达拉哈拉是墨西哥的文化工业经济重镇,市内设有轻轨系统。因其传统、文化休闲的魅力和烹饪而闻名于世,有西方之珠(Pearl of the Occident )的称号[1]。大街上富有殖民时期传统特色的建筑也显现出城市四个半世纪的文化底蕴。墨西哥是世界上唯一酿造龙舌兰酒(tequila,因出产该酒的小镇而得名)的国家,而龙舌兰酒原产地即为哈里斯科州,目前该酒原产地权由墨西哥政府持有。

Guadalajara spanisch [gwaðalaˈxaɾa] ist die Hauptstadt des Bundesstaates Jalisco und mit ca. 1,9 Mio. Einwohnern (Stadt) und ca. 5 Mio. (Metropolitanregion) die zweitgrößte Stadt in Mexiko. Die Stadt ist Sitz eines Erzbischofs und ist auch bekannt unter dem Namen Perla del Occidente (spanisch für „Perle des Westens“). Die Einwohner der Stadt werden als tapatíos bezeichnet. Die Stadt ist Ausgangspunkt vieler mexikanischer Traditionen wie der Musik der Mariachi und des Tanzes Jarabe Tapatío. Guadalajara liegt im Westen des zentralmexikanischen Hochlandes, etwa 550 km (Fahrtstrecke) nordwestlich der Hauptstadt Mexiko-Stadt in einer Höhe von ca. 1590 m. Das Klima ist gemäßigt bis warm; Regen (ca. 940 mm/Jahr) fällt überwiegend im Sommerhalbjahr.

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硬石體育場 硬石体育场
Ort 347 Don Shula Drive Miami Gardens, Florida 33056 Koordinaten ♁25° 57′ 28,5″ N, 80° 14′ 19,8″ WKoordinaten: 25° 57′ 28,5″ N, 80° 14′ 19,8″ W | | OSM Eigentümer Stephen M. Ross (ca. 95 %) Wayne Huizenga (5 %) Betreiber Miami Dolphins Baubeginn 1. Dezember 1985 Eröffnung 16. August 1987 Kosten 115 Mio. US-Dollar (1987) 250 Mio. US-Dollar (2007) 550 Mio. US-Dollar (2015–2016) Architekt HOK Sport (heute: Populous) Kapazität 75.540 Plätze (2001–2014)
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休斯顿
Houston [ˈ(h)juːstən] ist die größte Stadt in Texas und die viertgrößte der USA, hinter New York City, Los Angeles und Chicago.

 

休斯敦(英语:Houston,中国大陆通译休斯敦/休斯顿通译侯斯顿台湾通译休士顿)是美国得克萨斯州的第一大城,全美国第四大城,墨西哥湾沿岸最大的经济中心。面积达1,440平方千米,市名是以当年得克萨斯共和国总统山姆·休斯敦(Sam Houston)命名的。

休斯敦是哈里斯县(全国第三大县)的县城。休斯敦在密苏里市的东面,西南部分伸入本德堡县,东北一小部分伸入蒙哥马利县

休斯敦创建于1836年,合并于1837年,是美国成长最迅速的大城市之一,也是全美最大的一个没有规划法的大城市。

1900年,休斯敦有45,000人口,排名美国第85位。2000年美国人口统计指出,城市人口总数达到190万人(2004年已超过2百万人)。大休斯敦都会区美国第七大都会区(10个县,5,180,443人)。

休斯敦以其能源(特别是石油)、航空工业和运河闻名世界。休斯敦港是世界第六大港口,美国最繁忙的港口,外轮吨位第一,不分国籍则居第二位。财富500强总部仅次于纽约市。休斯敦是得克萨斯医疗中心的所在地,世界最大和最重要的研究治疗机构的集中地。休斯敦还是美国27个超过170万人口的重要大都会地区中生活消费和房价最低的。休斯敦被全球化和世界城市研究小组和网络(GaWC)称为“全球城市”。

休斯敦的官方绰号为“太空城(Space City)”,因为它是林顿·约翰逊太空中心的所在地,任务监控中心也设在这里(因此,“休斯敦”是在月球上说的第一个词)。许多当地人喜爱称作“牛沼城”。其他绰号还有“H镇”、“脚爪城”或“蒙古城”。

休斯敦是一个拥有多重文化的城市,许多外来移民的社区在此发展。其美术馆区是许多文化机构和展览的天堂,每年吸引将进七百万的游客,在休斯敦常能看见活跃的视觉表演艺术。

 

Houston [ˈ(h)juːstən] ist die größte Stadt in Texas und die viertgrößte der USA, hinter New York City, Los Angeles und Chicago

Im August 1836 kauften John Kirby Allen und Augustus Chapman Allen, zwei Immobilienunternehmer aus New York, 27 km2 Land am Buffalo Bayou mit der Absicht, eine Stadt zu gründen. Die Brüder entschieden sich dazu, die Stadt nach Sam Houston, dem berühmten texanischen General aus der Schlacht von San Jacinto, zu benennen. Am 5. Juni 1837 wurde sie ins Register eingetragen[2] und James S. Holman zum ersten Bürgermeister der Stadt gewählt. Noch im selben Jahr wurde Houston Sitz des Harrisburg County (jetziges Harris County) und die vorübergehende Hauptstadt der Republik Texas.

1901 wurde in Spindletop nahe Beaumont Öl gefunden. Zusammen mit anderen Ölfeldern trieb es die Entwicklung der amerikanischen Ölindustrie an. 1902 gab Präsident Theodore Roosevelt eine Million Dollar für den Bau des Houston Ship Channel frei. Er beginnt am Rand des die Stadt durchziehenden Wasserlaufs Buffalo Bayou. Präsident Woodrow Wilson eröffnete 1914 den etwa 60 km von der Küste entfernten neuen Hafen Houstons. Bis 1930 wuchs Houston dann zur bevölkerungsreichsten Stadt von Texas.

Ende Mai 2015 kam es zu den schwersten Niederschlägen in Texas seit Beginn der Wetteraufzeichnungen und auch Houston war durch seine niedrige Lage stark betroffen; ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der Stadt wurde überschwemmt.[3] Am 26. August 2017 und in den Folgetagen traf der Hurrikan „Harvey“ (eingeordnet in Stufe 4 – der zweithöchsten Stufe) bei Houston auf das Festland mit Regenmengen von mehr als 60–80 Liter pro m² innerhalb von wenigen Stunden. Als Folge davon wurden große Teile des Stadtgebietes überschwemmt, viele Hauptstraßen unpassierbar und Teile der Infrastruktur brachen zusammen. Der Bürgermeister der Stadt sah jedoch von einer Evakuierung ab, da „niemand mit derart heftigen Regenfällen gerechnet hatte“ und „man einen Albtraum geschaffen hätte, würde man 6,5 Millionen Menschen auf die Straße schicken“.[4][5]

 

ヒューストンHouston)は、アメリカ合衆国テキサス州南東部に位置する都市。2,099,451人(2010年国勢調査)の人口を抱えるテキサス州最大、全米第4の都市である[1]ハリス郡を中心に9郡にまたがるヒューストン都市圏の人口は5,920,416人(2010年国勢調査)にのぼる[1]。市域面積は1,500km2におよび、市郡一体の自治体を除くとオクラホマシティに次ぐ全米第2の広さである。

ヒューストンは1836年8月30日にオーガストゥス・チャップマン、ジョン・カービーのアレン兄弟によってバッファロー・バイユーの河岸に創設された。市名は当時のテキサス共和国大統領で、サンジャシントの戦いで指揮を執った将軍、サミュエル・ヒューストンから名を取って付けられた。翌1837年6月5日、ヒューストンは正式に市制施行された。19世紀後半には海港や鉄道交通の中心として、また綿花の集散地として栄えた。やがて1901年油田が見つかると、市は石油精製石油化学産業の中心地として成長を遂げた。20世紀中盤に入ると、ヒューストンには世界最大の医療研究機関の集積地テキサス医療センターアメリカ航空宇宙局(NASA)のジョンソン宇宙センターが設置され、先端医療の研究や航空宇宙産業の発展が進んだ。古くからこうした様々な産業を持ち、フォーチュン500に入る企業の本社数がニューヨークに次いで多いヒューストンは、テキサス州のみならず、成長著しいサンベルトの中心都市の1つであり、アメリカ合衆国南部のメキシコ湾岸地域における経済・産業の中枢である。また、全米最大級の貿易港であるヒューストン港[2]を前面に抱え、ユナイテッド航空(旧・コンチネンタル航空)のハブ空港であるジョージ・ブッシュ・インターコンチネンタル空港を空の玄関口とする、交通の要衝でもある。また、日本を含む世界86ヶ国が領事館を置く世界都市でもある[3][4]

このようにヒューストンは工業都市・ビジネス都市としてのイメージが強い都市であるが、文化水準の高い都市でもある。ダウンタウンの南側には10以上の博物館・美術館が建ち並び、年間700万人の訪問者を呼び寄せるミュージアム・ディストリクトがある。ミュージアム・ディストリクトに隣接するエリアには、全米の総合大学の中で常にトップ25位以内の高評価を受けている名門私立大学ライス大学のキャンパスが広がっている。一方、ダウンタウンの中心部に位置するシアター・ディストリクトはヒューストンにおける演技芸術の中心地で、演劇のみならず、オペラオーケストラバレエなど多彩な演技芸術の公演が行われている[5]

ジョンソン宇宙センターの存在から、ヒューストンには1967年Space City(宇宙の街)という公式な別名がつけられた[6]。地元住民はこのほか、Bayou Cityバイユーの街)、Magnolia Cityマグノリアの街)、H-Townなどと呼ぶこともある。

Houston (/ˈhjuːstən/ (About this sound listen) HEW-stən) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated population of 2.312 million in 2017.[7] It is the most populous city in the Southern United States[8] and on the Gulf Coast of the United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area, which is the fifth most populous MSA in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. With a land area of 599.59 square miles (1,552.9 km2),[7] Houston is the ninth most expansive city in the United States.

Houston was founded by land speculators on August 30, 1836,[9] at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou (a point now known as Allen's Landing)[10] and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837.[11] The city is named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing.[11] After briefly serving as the capital of the Republic in the late 1830s, Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century.[9]

The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston, including a burgeoning port and railroad industry, the decline of Galveston as Texas' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane, the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel, and the Texas oil boom.[9] In the mid-20th century, Houston's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.

Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. Leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment, Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits (after New York City).[12][13] The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled.[14] Nicknamed the "Space City", Houston is a global city, with strengths in culture, medicine, and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse metropolitan area in Texas and has been described as the most racially and ethnically diverse major metropolis in the U.S.[15] It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.[16]

Houston (en anglais ['hjuːstən]) est une ville de l'État du Texas dans le sud des États-Unis. Avec une population de 2 303 482 habitants dans la municipalité et 6 313 158 dans l'agglomération (estimations du Bureau du recensement des États-Unis, 20161), c'est la plus grande ville du Sud des États-Unis et, après Dallas, la deuxième aire urbaine de la région. Ses habitants s'appellent les Houstoniens. La ville s'étale sur trois comtés dont le principal est le comté de Harris. C'est la quatrième ville des États-Unis après New York, Los Angeles et Chicago.

Houston a une grande industrie pétrochimique ainsi qu'un port maritime ouvert sur le golfe du Mexique. La NASA y a installé l'un de ses centres destiné aux astronautes. L'agglomération est dotée de la plus forte concentration de laboratoires de recherche sur la santé (Texas Medical Center).

Houston est une ville dont la croissance démographique est la seconde des États-Unis après Las Vegas. En 1900, sa population était d'environ 45 000 habitants. Selon les dernières estimations en 2016, l'agglomération comprend plus de 6,3 millions de personnes sur neuf comtés, ce qui en fait la 5e du pays.

Houston (/ˈhjuːstən/ Ascolta[?·info]) è una città (city) degli Stati Uniti d'America e capoluogo della contea di Harris nello Stato del Texas. Una piccola parte della città si estende nelle contee di Fort Bend e Montgomery. La popolazione era di 2.099.451 abitanti al censimento del 2010, il che la rende la città più popolosa dello stato e la quarta città più popolosa della nazione. È la principale città dell'area metropolitana nota come Greater Houston.

Houston venne fondata il 28 agosto 1836, vicino alle sponde del Buffalo Bayou (ora noto come Allen's Landing)[1][2] e incorporata come città il 5 giugno 1837. La città prende il nome dall'ex generale e politico statunitense Sam Houston.

Houston è famosa nel mondo per la sua industria energetica (in particolare petrolifera), e aeronautica, nonché per il suo porto, uno dei più affollati degli Stati Uniti. Molti residenti si sono trasferiti qui da altri stati americani, o da altri paesi del mondo, per motivi di affari.

Houston è sede di numerose università. La più importante è l'Università di Houston, la prima università del Texas per la ricerca; importante è anche l'Università Rice, una università privata che vanta uno dei più alti finanziamenti al mondo. Ci sono inoltre l'Università di Saint Thomas, la Houston Baptist University, l'Università di Houston-Clear Lake, l'Università di Houston-Downtown, e la Texas Southern University.

Houston è soprannominata Space City: infatti qui ha sede la NASA e proprio "Houston" fu la prima parola pronunciata dall'astronauta Neil Armstrong appena il LEM si fu posato sulla superficie lunare. Un altro soprannome è Bayou City, per la fitta rete di piccoli corsi d'acqua (i bayou) che l'attraversano.

Da Houston verso levante si estende la regione Cajun che include il vicino Stato della Louisiana.

Nel 2005 la rivista Men's Fitness ha definito la città come simbolo dell'obesità negli Stati Uniti, poiché dalle statistiche risulta che il 23% dei residenti è clinicamente obeso. Houston ha anche il doppio dei negozi di frittelle dolci rispetto alla media degli Stati Uniti.

La città texana vanta una tra le più folte comunità vietnamite negli Stati Uniti.

Houston (pronunciado en inglés /ˈhjuːstən/, español /'xjus.ton/) es la ciudad más poblada en el estado de Texas y la cuarta ciudad más poblada de Estados Unidos. Houston está ubicada en el sureste de Texas, cerca del golfo de México. Con una población estimada en 2,24 millones de personas en 2014 en un área de 1553 kilómetros cuadrados (599,6 mi²),23​ Houston también es la ciudad más grande en el sur de Estados Unidos,4​ además de ser la sede del Condado de Harris. Es la principal ciudad en el área de Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown y es la quinta área metropolitan más poblada del país.

Fue fundada el 30 de agosto de 1836 por los hermanos Augustus Chapman Allen y John Kirby Allen en una tierra cercana a las orillas del Buffalo Bayou.5​ La ciudad se incorporó el 5 de junio de 1837 y recibió su nombre del entonces presidente de la República de Texas, el antiguo general Sam Houston, quien comandó la batalla de San Jacinto. Dicha contienda tuvo lugar a 40 km al este de donde la ciudad fue establecida. El creciente puerto y la industria del ferrocarril, combinada con el descubrimiento de petróleo en 1901, ha provocado continuos incrementos repentinos de población en la ciudad. A mediados del siglo XX, Houston se convirtió en la base del Texas Medical Center, la mayor concentración de instituciones de investigación y de salud del mundo, y del Centro Espacial Lyndon B. Johnson de la NASA, donde se sitúa el centro de control de misión.

Considerada como una ciudad global beta,6​ la economía de Houston posee una amplia base industrial en la energía, manufacturación, aeronáutica, transporte, salud y un importante centro para la creación de equipos petrolíferos; solo Nueva York posee más sedes de empresas Fortune 500 en los límites de su ciudad.7​ El puerto de Houston se sitúa el primero de los Estados Unidos en tonelaje manejado en aguas internacionales y el segundo en tonelaje total de carga manejada.8​ La ciudad tiene una población multicultural con una gran y creciente comunidad internacional. Es hogar de muchas instituciones culturales y atrae a más de siete millones de visitantes anuales al Houston Museum District. La ciudad cuenta con una escena activa en cuanto a las artes visuales y escénicas en el Teatro del Distrito y es una de las pocas ciudades estadounidenses que ofertan compañías residentes en todas las artes escénicas principales.9

Хью́стон (англ. Houston, МФА: [ˈhjuːstən]) — четвёртый по количеству жителей город в Соединённых Штатах Америки и крупнейший город в штате Техас с населением 2 319 603 человека на 2017 год[1]. Хьюстон является административным центром округа Харрис, а также главным экономическим центром агломерации Большого Хьюстона с общим населением 6 772 470 человек на 2016 год[2]. Город располагается в 50 километрах от Мексиканского залива на прибрежной равнине.

Хьюстон был основан 30 августа 1836 года и включён в состав республики Техас 5 июня 1837 года, получив своё имя в честь Сэмюэла Хьюстона — главнокомандующего армией Техаса во время Техасской революции и президента Республики Техас. Быстрое развитие порта и железных дорог в XIX веке, а также начало добычи нефти и последовавшее развитие нефтяной промышленности в XX веке привели к быстрому росту населения. В 1960-е годы количество жителей превысило один миллион человек, а в 2000-е — два миллиона.

Город является ведущим мировым центром энергетической промышленности, а экономика города также представлена предприятиями в области аэронавтики, транспорта и здравоохранения. Важнейшими объектами для экономики и инфраструктуры города являются космический центр имени Линдона Джонсона, крупнейший американский по международным грузоперевозкам порт, хьюстонский судоходный канал, крупнейший в мире Техасский медицинский центр.

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伊朗國家足球隊 伊朗国家足球队/تیم ملی فوتبال مردان ایران/Iran national football team
Asienmeisterschaft Gewinner 1968, 1972, 1976

 

 

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日本国家足球队/サッカー日本代表/Japan national football team
Asienmeisterschaft Sieger 1992, 2000, 2004, 2011

 

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