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Catalog Party and government Federal Cabinet
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Bundeskabinett
聯邦內閣 联邦内阁
Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz Wahl 2025 Legislaturperiode 21. Ernannt durch Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier Bildung 6. Mai 2025 Dauer 63 Tage Vorgänger Kabinett Scholz Zusammensetzung Partei(en) CDU/CSU, SPD Minister 17 Repräsentation Deutscher Bundestag 328/630 (52 %)

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Catalog Party and government
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Bundeskanzler
聯邦總理 联邦总理
Der Bundeskanzler der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (kurz: Bundeskanzler; Abkürzung BK) ist der Regierungschef der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Er bildet zusammen mit den Bundesministern die Bundesregierung und bestimmt laut Verfassung die Richtlinien deren Politik. In der Praxis muss er allerdings die Vorstellungen seiner eigenen Partei und der Koalitionspartner berücksichtigen.
 
 
 
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Bundeskanzler der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Nr. Name (Lebensdaten) Amtsantritt Ende der Amtszeit1 Partei Kabinette
1 Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) 15. September 1949 16. Oktober 1963 CDU I, II, III, IV/V
2 Ludwig Erhard (1897–1977) 16. Oktober 1963 1. Dezember 1966 CDU I, II
3 Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1904–1988) 1. Dezember 1966 21. Oktober 1969 CDU I
4 Willy Brandt (1913–1992) 21. Oktober 1969 7. Mai 1974 SPD I, II
5 Walter Scheel (1919–2016) 7. Mai 1974 16. Mai 1974 FDP Brandt II
6 Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015) 16. Mai 1974 1. Oktober 1982 SPD I, II, III
7 Helmut Kohl (1930–2017) 1. Oktober 1982 27. Oktober 1998 CDU I, II, III, IV, V
8 Gerhard Schröder (*1944) 27. Oktober 1998 22. November 2005 SPD I, II
9 Angela Merkel (*1954) 22. November 2005 26. September 2021 CDU I, II, III, IV
10  Olaf Scholz (*1958) 8. Dezember 2021   SPD I

 

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Catalog Party and government Federal Ministry of Austria
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Bundeskanzleramt Österreich
奧地利联邦总理府

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Catalog Party and government Supreme Federal Authorities Germany
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Bundeskanzleramt,BKAmt
联邦总理府
Das Bundeskanzleramt ist ein Gebäude im Berliner Ortsteil Tiergarten (Bezirk Mitte) und Sitz der gleichnamigen deutschen Bundesbehörde. Im Rahmen des Umzugs der deutschen Bundesregierung von Bonn nach Berlin zog das Amt in den von den Architekten Axel Schultes und Charlotte Frank geplanten Neubau. Das Gebäude ist Teil der „Band des Bundes“ genannten Baugruppe im Spreebogen, Willy-Brandt-Straße 1, 10557 Berlin.
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Bundeskartellamt,BKartA
联邦卡特尔局

                                                     

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一、德国联邦卡特尔局概况
　　德国联邦卡特尔局于1960年1月1日在柏林成立，成立时有53个职员。联邦卡特尔局负责实施《反对限制竞争法》，在财政、预算、组织、结构上隶属于联邦经济与劳动部。目前联邦卡特尔局有正式员工约300人，其中一半以上是高级公务员，主要是律师和经济学家。联邦卡特尔局每年做出大约1400个企业并购决议。2005年联邦卡特尔局的预算是一千七百万欧元。
　　联邦卡特尔局的最高行政长官是联邦卡特尔局局长，对外代表联邦卡特尔局。联邦卡特尔局现有副局长一位，协助局长工作，在局长缺位时，代表局长行事。
　　二、联邦卡特尔局的内设机构
　　联邦卡特尔局的内设部门包括决议处、公共采购法庭、总体政策部、诉讼部、制止卡特尔特别办公室等。
　　1、决议处。联邦卡特尔局在执法上具有相当的独立性，按行业分类内设十一个决议处，独立受理有关并购、卡特尔和滥用行为的案件，并做出处分决定。在裁定案件时，决议处的三人审查小组（合议庭）以少数服从多数的形式作出决议。合议庭由主席和两名委员构成，主席和委员都是终身公职人员，依法可行使立案、调查、扣押、裁决等权力。对他们的裁决，只有州高等法院才能以法定程序予以改变或撤销。联邦经济部长和联邦卡特尔局局长都不得对其执法活动施加影响。自2005年7月起，其中的一个决议处专门负责对违反《反对限制竞争法》第1条和《欧共体条约》第81条的卡特尔提起公诉。
　　2、公共采购法庭。联邦卡特尔局还设有三个公共采购法庭，对联邦政府职责范围内的公共采购活动中的投标人提供法律保护。投标人，特别是未中标的投标人，认为政府违反了有关公共招标的法律法规时，可以提出申请，请求发动复审程序。
　　3、总体政策部。总体政策部就特定竞争法律事项向决议处提供建议，在欧盟决策机构里代表联邦卡特尔局，在德国和欧盟两个层面上参与法律改革，协调联邦卡特尔局和外国竞争主管机构以及国际组织之间的交流合作。总体政策部下设六个处，分别是竞争执法协调和公共采购处、综合信息和公共关系处、德国和欧洲卡特尔法处、德国和欧洲兼并控制处、国际竞争事务和国际技术合作处以及制止卡特尔特别办公室。
　　4、诉讼部。诉讼部就法律问题向联邦卡特尔局提供意见，准备法院诉讼材料，在联邦最高法院代表卡特尔局。
　　5、制止卡特尔特别办公室。该办公室协助各个决议处准备、分析卡特尔的审理材料，执行卡特尔的调查、扣押和搜查。
　　三、与州卡特尔局的关系
　　各州卡特尔局是州经济部的内设机构，不具有独立性。发生在一个州辖区内，并且对竞争的影响不超出该州范围的反垄断案件由州卡特尔局管辖。由于属于州管辖的反垄断案件比较少，故各州卡特尔局的工作人员很少。各州统一适用联邦《反限制竞争法》，没有立法权。对管辖权不清的案件，由联邦卡特尔局处理。处理跨州的反垄断案件和兼并控制案件的权力只属于联邦卡特尔局。
　　四、与欧盟竞争执法机关的关系
　　欧盟成员国竞争法不得与欧盟竞争法强制性规定相抵触，否则成员国竞争法必须修改。因此，德国作为欧盟的成员国，反垄断执法机关与欧盟竞争执法机关管辖的范围不同：只有在限制竞争行为影响到成员国之间的贸易时，才属于欧盟竞争机构管辖的范围，在这种情况下欧委会具有排他的管辖权，而另一些情况下欧委会与成员国的竞争主管机关和法院均可实施管辖权。而那些影响只限于德国内部的限制竞争行为对欧盟共同大市场并无影响，属于德国联邦卡特尔局的管辖范围。 (Quelle:http://hi.baidu.com)

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Catalog Party and government Federal authorities Austria
Bundeskartellanwalt
联邦卡特尔律师
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Catalog Party and government Upper Federal Authorities Germany
Catalog Hessen
Bundeskriminalamt,BKA
联邦刑事调查局
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Catalog Party and government Ministries and offices
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Bundesministerium der Finanzen,BMF
联邦财政部
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Bundesministerium der Justiz,BMJ
聯邦司法部 联邦司法部

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Catalog Party and government Ministries and offices
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Bundesministerium der Verteidigung,BMVg
联邦国防部
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Catalog Party and government Ministries and offices
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Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat,BMI
联邦内政部为建筑与家园
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Catalog Party and government Ministries and offices
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Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales,BMAS
联邦劳动和社会事务部
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