Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科
       
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Paranal-Observatorium Deutscher Wortschatz
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帕瑞纳天文台
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帕瑞纳天文台Paranal Observatory)是欧洲南方天文台智利安托法加斯塔以南约120千米的帕瑞纳山的观测地。主要设备是4台8.2米口径的甚大望远镜以及若干台辅助望远镜组成的甚大望远镜干涉仪(VLTI)、4米口径的可见光和红外巡天望远镜VISTA)、2.6米口径的VLT巡天望远镜VST)。

20世纪90年代,欧洲南方天文台在智利的观测地拉西拉天文台已经有十余台望远镜,无处安置甚大望远镜,因此选中了拉西拉山以北约600千米的帕瑞纳山,用炸药炸平了山头,建造帕瑞纳天文台,并于1999年开始启用。这里海拔2632米,距离海岸线约12千米,气候干燥,没有灯光干扰,全年中晴夜数量多于340个,是世界上最好的天文观测地之一。

Das Paranal-Observatorium ist eine astronomische Beobachtungsstation in der Atacamawüste im Norden Chiles, auf dem Berg Cerro Paranal. Dieser liegt etwa 120 km südlich der Stadt Antofagasta und 12 km von der Pazifikküste entfernt. Das Observatorium wird von der Europäischen Südsternwarte (ESO) betrieben und ist Standort des Very Large Telescope (VLT), des Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) sowie der Survey Telescopes VISTA und VST. Die Atmosphäre über dem Gipfel zeichnet sich durch eine trockene und außergewöhnlich ruhige Luftströmung aus, die den Berg zu einem sehr attraktiven Standort für eine Sternwarte macht. Um für das VLT ein Plateau zu schaffen, wurde Anfang der 1990er Jahre der Gipfel durch Sprengungen von 2660 m auf 2635 m abgetragen. 

パラナル天文台(パラナルてんもんだい、英語: Paranal Observatory)は、チリアタカマ砂漠にある山・セロパラナルに設置された天体観測所で、ヨーロッパ南天天文台によって運営されている。超大型望遠鏡VLT (Very Large Telescope) はパラナルで最大の望遠鏡である。4台の口径8.2mの望遠鏡によって構成される。4台の望遠鏡で観測した干渉させ、Very Large Telescope干渉計 (VLTI) として観測を行うこともできる。干渉計としての撮像能力を向上させるため、4台の1.8m補助望遠鏡が追加されている。

さらに、掃天観測に用いられる口径2.6mのVLT掃天望遠鏡 (VST) と口径 4.1mのVISTAが運用されている。

Paranal Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO); it is located in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile on Cerro Paranal at 2,635 m (8,645 ft) altitude, 120 km (70 mi) south of Antofagasta. By total light-collecting area, it is the largest optical-infrared observatory in the Southern hemisphere; worldwide, it is second to the Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii.

The Very Large Telescope (VLT), the largest telescope on Paranal, is composed of four separate 8.2 m (320 in) telescopes. In addition, the four main telescopes can combine their light to make a fifth instrument, the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). Four auxiliary telescopes of 1.8 m (71 in) each are also part of the VLTI to make it available when the main telescopes are being used for other projects.

The site also houses two survey telescopes with wide fields of view, the 4.0 m (160 in) VISTA and the 2.6 m (100 in) VLT Survey Telescope for surveying large areas of the sky; and two arrays of small telescopes called NGTS and SPECULOOS which are dedicated to searching for exoplanets.

Two major new facilities are under construction nearby: the Southern part of the Cherenkov Telescope Array gamma-ray telescope (not owned by ESO) will be sited in the grounds 10km south-east of Paranal; while ESO's future E-ELT will be on the nearby peak of Cerro Armazones 20km east of Paranal, and will share some of the base facilities.

L'Observatoire du Cerro Paranal est un observatoire astronomique professionnel situé sur le Cerro Paranal, dans le désert d'Atacama, au nord du Chili, à une altitude de 2 635 mètres. Il permet l'étude des astres dans les longueurs d'onde allant de l'ultraviolet à l'infrarouge.

C'est un projet européen de l'observatoire européen austral (European Southern Observatory ou ESO). À l'observatoire du Cerro Paranal, il y a quatre télescopes principaux de 8,2 mètres, qui, avec les quatre télescopes auxiliaires de 1,8 m (les « AT »), constituent le Very Large Telescope (VLT). Il s'y trouve de plus un télescope de 4 m (VISTA) et un de 2,5 m (le VLT Survey Telescope).

L'osservatorio del Paranal è un osservatorio astronomico situato sul Cerro Paranal, nel deserto di Atacama (120 km a sud di Antofagasta, in Cile, 1200 km da Santiago), realizzato e gestito dall'European Southern Observatory.

Il Cerro Paranal è una montagna alta 2635 metri, situata a 12 km dalla costa sull'oceano Pacifico, che si trova in una delle zone più secche di tutto il pianeta.

Il Very Large Telescope (VLT) è il maggiore telescopio presente al Paranal, composto di 4 distinti telescopi, ciascuno di 8,2 metri di diametro. Questi possono sia operare in modo separato, sia funzionare come un unico strumento, noto come VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer).

Il sito ospita anche il VLT Survey Telescope, di 2,5 m di diametro, che opera dal 2007.

L'osservazione delle stelle vi si svolge con l'ausilio di un laser, il quale crea l'effetto di una stella artificiale virtualmente situata a 90 km dalla superficie terrestre, nella mesosfera. La stella virtuale serve di riferimento per la correzione delle distorsioni ottiche (comportanti distorsioni nel rilevamento del punto spaziale).

El Observatorio Paranal es un observatorio astronómico óptico operado por la European Southern Observatory, ESO, ubicado en la comuna de Taltal, en la Región de Antofagasta, Chile.

Se encuentra sobre el Cerro Paranal en el desierto de Atacama, perteneciente a la cordillera de la Costa, a 2635,43 msnm, a 130 km al sur de Antofagasta y a 12 km de la costa.

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3 years ago 2 years ago
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3 years ago 2 years ago
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3 years ago 2 years ago
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