Wirkstoffe gegen Infektionskrankheiten
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| 中文名称 | 备注 | |
|---|---|---|
可行组 | ||
| Amikacin | 阿米卡星 | |
| Amoxicillin | 阿莫西林 | |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) | 阿莫西林克拉維酸鉀 (阿莫西林 + 克拉維酸) | |
| Ampicillin | 氨苄青黴素 | |
| Benzathine benzylpenicillin | 苄星青霉素 | |
| Benzylpenicillin | 青霉素 | |
| Cefalexin | 頭孢氨苄 | |
| Cefazolin | 头孢唑林 | 外科预防用。 |
| Chloramphenicol | 氯霉素 | |
| Clindamycin | 克林黴素 | |
| Cloxacillin | 氯唑西林 | |
| Doxycycline | 多西环素 | |
| Gentamicin | 庆大霉素 | |
| Nitrofurantoin | 呋喃妥因 | |
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) | 苯氧甲基青霉素（青霉素V、青霉素V钾） | |
| Procaine benzylpenicillin | 普鲁卡因青霉素 | 普鲁卡因青霉素不建议作为新生儿败血症的一线治疗，除非在新生儿死亡率高的情况下，由训练有素的卫生工作者在无法获得住院治疗的情况下提供。 |
| Spectinomycin | 奇黴素 | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（複方新諾明、扑菌特、磺胺剂） | |
观察组 | ||
| Azithromycin | 阿奇霉素 | 仅用于生殖器砂眼衣原体和沙眼的单剂量治疗。 |
| Cefixime | 头孢克肟 | 仅用于治疗急性侵入性细菌性腹泻（痢疾）或淋病 |
| Cefotaxime | 头孢噻肟 | 在新生儿住院治疗中应用的第三代头孢菌素。 |
| Ceftriaxone | 頭孢曲松 | 婴幼儿高胆红素血症不宜服用钙剂。避免同时服用钙剂。 |
| Cefuroxime | 頭孢呋辛 | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 环丙沙星 | |
| Clarithromycin | 克拉黴素 | 可与红霉素替代，用于治疗成人幽门螺杆菌感染。 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 | |
| Ceftazidime† | 頭孢他啶† | |
| Meropenem† | 美羅培南† | 可与亚胺培南/西司他丁，但在治疗急性细菌性脑膜炎时为首选。 |
| Vancomycin† | 萬古黴素† | |
保留组 | ||
| Ceftazidime/avibactam† | 头孢他啶/阿维巴坦 | |
| Colistin† | 粘杆菌素† | |
| Fosfomycin† | 磷霉素 | |
| Linezolid† | 利奈唑胺† | |
| Meropenem/vaborbactam† | 美罗培南/法硼巴坦 | |
| Plazomicin† | Plazomicin | |
| Polymyxin B† | 多粘菌素B† | |
抗麻风病药 | ||
| Clofazimine | 氯法齐明 | |
| Dapsone | 達普頌 | |
| Rifampicin | 利福平 | |
抗结核药 | ||
| Ethambutol | 乙胺丁醇 | |
| Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) | 乙胺丁醇/异烟肼/吡嗪酰胺/利福平（乙胺丁醇 + 异烟肼 + 吡嗪酰胺 + 利福平） | |
| Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin) | 乙胺丁醇/异烟肼/利福平（乙胺丁醇 + 异烟肼 + 利福平） | |
| Isoniazid | 异烟肼 | |
| Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) | 异烟肼/吡嗪酰胺/利福平（异烟肼 + 吡嗪酰胺 + 利福平） | |
| Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin) | 异烟肼/利福平（异烟肼 + 利福平） | |
| Pyrazinamide | 吡嗪酰胺 | |
| Rifabutin | 利福布丁 | For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors |
| Rifampicin | 利福平 | |
| Rifapentine | 利福喷丁 | For treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) only |
| Amikacin† | 阿米卡星† | |
| Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid† | 阿莫西林+克拉维酸 | For use only in combination with meropenem or imipenem/cilastatin |
| Bedaquiline† | 贝达喹啉 | |
| Capreomycin† | 卷曲霉素 | |
| Clofazimine† | 氯法齐明 | |
| Cycloserine† | 环丝氨酸 | Terizidone may be an alternative |
| Delamanid† | 迪拉马尼 | |
| Ethionamide † | 乙硫异烟胺 | Prothionamide may be an alternative |
| Levofloxacin† | 左氧氟沙星† | Ofloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations. |
| Linezolid† | 利奈唑胺† | |
| Meropenem† | 美羅培南† | Imipenem/cilastatin may be an alternative |
| Moxifloxacin | 莫西沙星 | |
| p-aminosalicylic acid† | 4-氨基水杨酸† | |
| Streptomycin† | 鏈黴素† | |
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| 英文名称 | 中文名称 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
抗疱疹病毒药 | ||
| Aciclovir | 阿昔洛韦 | |
抗逆转录病毒药 | ||
核苷/核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂 | ||
| Abacavir (ABC) | 阿巴卡韦 （ABC） | |
| Lamivudine (3TC) | 拉米夫定 (3TC) | |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) | 替诺福韦二吡呋酯 (TDF) | |
| Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) | 齐多夫定 (ZDV 或 AZT) | |
非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂 | ||
| Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ) | 依法韦仑 (EGV或EFZ) | |
| Nevirapine (NVP) | 奈韦拉平（NVP） | |
蛋白酶抑制剂 | ||
| Atazanavir | 阿扎那韦 | |
| Atazanavir/ritonavir | 阿扎那韋/利托那韋 | |
| Darunavir | 达芦那韦 | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) | 快利佳 (LPV/r) | |
| Ritonavir | 利托那韋 | |
整合酶抑制剂 | ||
| Dolutegravir | Dolutegravir | |
| Raltegravir | Raltegravir | |
固定剂量复合剂 | ||
| Abacavir/lamivudine | 阿巴卡韦/拉米夫定 | |
| Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir | 依法韦仑/恩曲他滨/替诺福韦 | FTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of antiretrovirals. |
| Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir | 依法韦仑/拉米夫定/替诺福韦 | |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir | 恩曲他滨/替诺福韦 | FTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of antiretrovirals. |
| Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine | 拉米夫定/奈韦拉平/齐多夫定 | |
| Lamivudine/zidovudine | 拉米夫定/齐多夫定（卡貝茲） | |
HIV相关机会性感染用药 | ||
| Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim | Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim | |
其它抗病毒药物 | ||
| Ribavirin[note 19] | 利巴韦林 | |
| Valganciclovir[note 20] | 缬更昔洛韦 | |
| Oseltamivir†[note 21] | 奥司他韦 | |
抗肝炎药 | ||
乙肝用药 | ||
核苷/核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂 | ||
| Entecavir | 恩替卡韦 | |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) | 替诺福韦二吡呋酯 (TDF) | |
丙肝用药 | ||
| 泛基因型直接作用抗病毒药物 | ||
| Daclatasvir[note 22] | Daclatasvir | When used in combination with sofosbuvir |
| Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir | Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir | |
| Sofosbuvir[note 23] | 索非布韦 | When used in combination with daclatasvir |
| Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir | Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir | |
| 非泛基因型直接作用抗病毒药物 | ||
| Dasabuvir | Dasabuvir | |
| Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir | Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir | |
| Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir | Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir | |
其它抗病毒药物 | ||
| Ribavirin[note 24] | 利巴韦林 | For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with direct acting anti-viral medicines |
| Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or pegylated interferon-alpha-2b†[note 25] | Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a | To be used in combination with ribavirin |
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| 英文名称 | 中文名称 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
抗阿米巴药和抗蓝氏贾第虫药 | ||
| Diloxanide | 二氯尼特 | |
| Metronidazole | 甲硝唑 | |
抗黑热病药 | ||
| Amphotericin B | 两性霉素B | |
| Miltefosine | 米替福新 | |
| Paromomycin | 巴龙霉素 | |
| Sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate | 葡萄糖酸銻鈉或葡甲胺锑盐 | |
抗疟药 | ||
治疗用 | ||
| Amodiaquine[note 26] | 氨酚喹 | To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg |
| Artemether[note 27] | 蒿甲醚 | For use in the management of severe malaria |
| Artemether/lumefantrine[note 28] | 複方蒿甲醚 | Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg |
| Artesunate[note 29] | 青蒿琥酯 | To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine |
| Artesunate/amodiaquine[note 30] | 青蒿琥酯/阿莫地喹 | Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives. |
| Artesunate/mefloquine | Artesunate/mefloquine | |
| Artesunate/pyronaridine | Artesunate/pyronaridine | |
| Chloroquine[note 31] | 氯喹 | For use only for the treatment of P. vivaxinfection |
| Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine | 双氢青蒿素 | |
| Doxycycline[note 32] | 多西环素 | For use only in combination with quinine |
| Mefloquine[note 26] | 美爾奎寧 | To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg |
| Primaquine[note 33] | 伯胺喹 | Only for use to achieve radical cure of P. vivaxand P. ovale infections, given for 14 days |
| Quinine[note 34] | 奎寧 | For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline |
| Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine[note 35] | 磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶 | Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg |
预防用 | ||
| Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine | Amodiaquine | |
| Chloroquine[note 36] | 氯喹 | For use only in Central American regions, for P. vivax infections |
| Doxycycline | 多西环素 | |
| Mefloquine | 美爾奎寧 | |
| Proguanil[note 37] | Proguanil | For use only in combination with chloroquine |
| Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine | Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine | |
抗肺孢子菌病药和抗弓形体病药 | ||
| Pyrimethamine | 乙胺嘧啶 | |
| Sulfadiazine | 磺胺嘧啶 | |
| Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim | 複方新諾明 | |
| Pentamidine† | 喷他眯 | |
抗锥虫病药 | ||
非洲锥虫病 | ||
| Fexinidazole[note 38] | Fexinidazole | For the treatment of 1st and 2nd stage human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection |
| 第一期用药 | ||
| Pentamidine[note 39] | Pentamidine | To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection |
| Suramin sodium[note 40] | Suramin sodium | To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection |
| 第二期用药 | ||
| Eflornithine[note 41] | 二氟甲基鳥氨酸 | To be used for the treatment of T. b. gambienseinfection |
| Melarsoprol | Melarsoprol | |
| Nifurtimox[note 42] | Nifurtimox | Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection |
美洲锥虫病 | ||
| Benznidazole | 苄硝唑 | |
| Nifurtimox | 硝呋莫司 | |
体外寄生感染用药 | ||
| Ivermectin | 伊維菌素 | |