Torino (AFI: /toˈrino/[5], ascolta[?·info]; Turin in piemontese [tyˈriŋ], ascolta[?·info] [6]) è un comune italiano di 852 223 abitanti (al 30 settembre 2021)[2], quarto comune italiano per popolazione e capoluogo dell'omonima città metropolitana e della regione Piemonte. Cuore di un'area metropolitana, Torino è il terzo complesso economico-produttivo del Paese e costituisce uno dei maggiori poli universitari, artistici, turistici, scientifici e culturali d'Italia. Nel suo territorio sono inoltre presenti aree ed edifici inclusi in due beni protetti dall'UNESCO: alcuni palazzi e zone facenti parte del circuito di residenze sabaude in Piemonte (patrimonio dell'umanità[7]) e l'area delle colline del Po (riserva della biosfera).

Città dalla storia bimillenaria, fu fondata probabilmente nei pressi della posizione attuale, attorno al III secolo a.C., dai Taurini, quindi trasformata in colonia romana da Augusto col nome di Iulia Augusta Taurinorum nel I secolo a.C.. Dopo il dominio ostrogoto, fu capitale di un importante ducato longobardo, per poi passare, dopo essere divenuta capitale di marca carolingia, sotto la signoria nominale dei Savoia nell'XI secolo. Città dell'omonimo ducato, nel 1563 ne divenne capitale. Dal 1720 fu capitale del Regno di Sardegna (anche se solo de facto fino alla fusione perfetta del 1847, quando lo divenne anche formalmente),[8] Stato che nel XIX secolo avrebbe portato all'unificazione italiana e che fece di Torino la prima capitale del Regno d'Italia (dal 1861 al 1865).

Sede nel 2006 dei XX Giochi olimpici invernali, nel 2022 della 66ª edizione dell'Eurovision Song Contest[9], città natale di alcuni fra i maggiori simboli del Made in Italy nel mondo, come il Vermut, il cioccolato gianduja e il caffè espresso, è il fulcro dell'industria automobilistica italiana, nonché importante centro dell'editoria, del sistema bancario e assicurativo, delle tecnologie dell'informazione, del cinema, dell'enogastronomia, del settore aerospaziale, del disegno industriale, dello sport e della moda.

0:00​ Brandenburg Concerto #3 In G, BWV 1048 - 1. Allegro Moderato
5:36​ Orchestral Suite #3 In D, BWV 1068 - 2. Air, "On The G String"
10:06​ Orchestral Suite #2 In B Minor, BWV 1067 - Menuet & Badinerie
13:04​ Sinfonia In G, BWV 1059R - 2. Adagio
16:11​ Brandenburg Concerto #4 In G, BWV 1049 - 3. Presto
21:18​ Concerto For Harpsichord & Strings In F Minor, BWV 1056 - 2. Largo
24:42​ The Art Of The Fugue BWV 1080: Contrapunctus 9
27:48​ Musikalisches Opfer, BWV 1079 - Fuga Canonica In Epidiapente
30:37​ Toccata In D Minor, BWV 565
33:26​ Violin Concerto In E, BWV 1042 - 1. Allegro
40:58​ Minuet In D Minor, BWV Anhang 132
42:14​ Orchestral Suite #4 In D, BWV 1069 - Rejouissance
44:54​ Christmas Oratorio - Sinfonia
50:32​ Mass In B Minor BWV 232: Gloria In Excelsis Deo - Et In Terra Pax
56:15​ St.Matthew Passion, BWV 244 - Choral: O Haupt Voll Blut Und Wunden
59:27​ St. John Passion BWV 245: Final Chorus - Rubet Wohl, Ihr Heiligen Gebeine

有一个姑娘名叫娥嫚

她家住在陇上江南

流水啊匆匆的

送走了时间

送不走人们深深的卷恋

有一个姑娘名叫娥嫚

她的期盼从未改变

雪山啊高高的

垒起了思念

山遥路远

只为今生见一面

官鹅山水间

剪不断的情缘

眼里的星晨啊

只因她而璀璨

每一轮日出日落

月缺月圆

诉说着官鹅的故事

一直到永远

一直到永远

有一个姑娘名叫娥嫚

她的期盼从未改变

雪山啊高高的

垒起了思念

山遥路远

只为今生见一面

官鹅山水间

剪不断的情缘

眼里的星晨啊

只因她而璀璨

每一轮日出日落

月缺月圆

诉说着官鹅的故事

一直到永远

官鹅山水间

剪不断的情缘

眼里的星晨啊

只因她而璀璨

每一轮日出日落

月缺月圆

诉说着官鹅的故事

一直到永远

一直到永远

DJ版

不知道在那天边可会有尽头
只知道逝去光阴不会再回头
每一串泪水伴每一个梦想
不知不觉全溜走

不经意地在这圈中转到这年头
只感到在这圈中经过顺逆流
每颗冷酷眼光
到每声友善笑声
默然一一尝透

几多艰苦当天我默默接受
几多辛酸也未放手
故意挑剔今天我不在乎
只跟心中意愿去走

不相信未作牺牲就实现可以拥有
只相信始靠双手找到我要求
每一串汗水
换每一个成就
从来得失我睇透

不经意地在这圈中转到这年头
只感到在这圈中经过顺逆流
每颗冷酷眼光
到每声友善笑声
默然一一尝透

几多艰苦当天我默默接受
几多辛酸也未放手
故意挑剔今天我不在乎
只跟心中意愿去走

不相信未作牺牲就实现可以拥有
只相信始靠双手找到我要求
每一串汗水
换每一个成就
从来得失我睇透

心里从不会强求

Dominio de Pingus is a Spanish winery located in Quintanilla de Onésimo in Valladolid province with vineyards in La Horra area of the Ribera del Duero region. The estate's flagship wine, Pingus, is considered a "cult wine", sold at extremely high prices while remaining very inaccessible,[1][2] and commands an average price of $811 per bottle.[3]

The winery also produces a second wine, Flor de Pingus, and a special cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia". Recently, Dominio de Pingus has founded a joint project with local grape producers to make an old vine tempranillo called "PSI".

Dominio de Pingus was established in 1995 by Danish oenologist Peter Sisseck, also manager of the Pesquera de Duero estate Hacienda Monasterio.[4] On the estate's winemaking philosophies, Sisseck has stated, "The vines in my plots are very old. They have never been fertilised nor treated with pesticides and all grow following the traditional en vaso system. They are perfect."[4]

About the first 1995 vintage of Pingus, Robert Parker declared, "One of the greatest and most exciting wines I have ever tasted".[5] With a very limited first vintage production, only 325 cases were made with prices initially set at US$200 per bottle, it became yet more scarce when in November 1997 the ship transporting a U.S. bound shipment of 75 cases disappeared somewhere off the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean.[6] The shipwreck resulted in a dramatic reaction in the US market, with prices soon rising to $495 per bottle.[5][6]

At the Ronda WineCreator conference of April 2008, Sisseck was angered by suggestions by Decanter editor Guy Woodward that some winemakers make wines to suit the palates of certain critics. In response he called Woodward's remarks arrogant for implying winemakers do not have their own opinions, adding, "I don't even think it is possible to do this."[7]

In 2007 it was announced that the Spanish government had approved plans to expand highway roads through the vineyards of Dominio de Pingus and other wineries, which was met with strong opposition by Sisseck who called it a "vengeful measure".[8]

Planted with very old vines of Tinto Fino, i.e. Tempranillo, the vineyards are 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) in Barrosso with vines exceeding 65 years and 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) in San Cristobal with vines older than 70 years, and the unusually low average yield of 12 hL per hectare. Since 2000, the viticulture has been biodynamic. Of the annual production of Pingus there is typically less than 500 cases, though in poor vintages no Pingus is made.

The production of the second wine Flor de Pingus, also 100% Tempranillo, is made with fruit from rented vineyards in the La Horra zone, with vines older than 35 years. Since the 2005 vintage, the viticulture has been biodynamic. The annual production is on average 4,000 cases.

Additionally there has been the single barrel cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia", made from a vineyard parcel of 100+ year old vines with an average yield of 10 hL per hectare, with biodynamic viticulture since its initial 2003 vintage. The 2005 vintage had a production of 25 cases.

"PSI" is a joint project based on fruit produced by local grape growers from old tempranillo vines. The goal is to help grape producers and save old vines. Project was founded in 2006, first vintage was 2007. Grape growers are encouraged to employ biodynamic or organic vineyard management practices. The wine is made by Peter Sisseck and Pablo Rubio and sold under producer name Bodegas y Viñedos Alnardo. Vinification takes place in large concrete vats and aging in concrete and wooden tanks and oak barrels. Production of PSI 2009 was 9,600 cases, PSI 2010 was 16,600 cases.