日本指挥家小泽征尔曾师从20世纪3位指挥大师明希、卡拉扬、伯恩斯坦，是闯入西方古典乐坛少有的东方面孔，以激动的指挥方式闻名。

1935年，小泽征尔出生于中国沈阳，“非常不可思议，我出生在中国沈阳，有时我认为自己是半个中国人。”他说。

Seiji Ozawa ©Michiharu Okubo

当然，中国民众对小泽征尔的亲切感，不仅源于他生于沈阳、长于北京所结下的缘分，还因为他对中国深厚的感情。

1976年至今，小泽征尔是来访中国次数最多、与中国关系最为密切的外国指挥家。

斯人已逝，记忆永存。

1935年9月1日，日本著名指挥家小泽征尔出生。小泽征尔的指挥风格简洁明快、热情洋溢，富有艺术感染力。他是第一位活跃在欧美乐坛并获得广泛声誉的亚洲指挥家；他曾凭借指挥歌剧录音作品获得美国格莱美大奖；他与指挥家祖宾·梅塔和朱辉一起被誉为“世界三大东方指挥家”。

近几年，因为健康状况小泽征尔不得不居家休养，很久没有登台演出。但在古典乐和歌剧界，他的存在是一种传奇。

勇攀音乐巅峰

小泽的童年是在中国度过的。小泽的家庭早在20世纪30年代初期就来到了中国。当时，他的父亲小泽开作是名牙科医生。“九一八”事变发生以后，他们全家便搬到了沈阳。1935年，小泽出生在中国沈阳。小泽出生第二年，他们便举家迁到了北京，一直居住到太平洋战争爆发的前夕，他们全家才回到日本东京。

小泽学音乐起步比较晚，并不是所谓“音乐精英”。5岁时，母亲送了他一个手风琴作为圣诞礼物，小泽才第一次接触音乐。而开始学钢琴，则是在他10岁的时候。1941年，小泽举家回到日本，定居在东京郊外的立川。当时家里没有钢琴，后来亲戚转让给他一架钢琴，哥哥们花了3天时间，用两轮推车将钢琴从横滨运到立川。

Seiji Ozawa ©Michiharu Okubo

为什么从学钢琴转为学指挥？儿时的小泽身体瘦弱，常常患病，所以脸上很少有笑容，为此，少年时期的小泽打了两年英式橄榄球。据他回忆：“我们踢得很较劲。有一次，把一位同学的耳朵都扯掉了，血流不止。于是我们就暂停比赛，一起在大雨中帮他找耳朵。到现在他的一只耳朵还比另一只小。哈哈哈……”而小泽自己也在球赛中折断过两根手指，所以断了做钢琴家的想法，专心学指挥。

1952年，小泽进入杰出音乐教育家和大提琴演奏家斋藤秀雄参与开办的桐朋学园音乐系。几年后，小泽以优异的成绩从桐朋学园毕业，这时，他已经是一位颇具才华的青年指挥家了。但是，拥有更高志向的小泽并没有满足已经取得的成绩，他希望到更广阔的领域中去加深学习和展示自己的才华。在斋藤的指挥课上结识的指挥家兼作曲家山本直纯得知小泽的想法时，鼓励他说：“如果有一座音乐金字塔的话，我做的是拓展底座的工作，你去欧洲攀登顶点吧。”

行动力极强的小泽，二十多岁就乘上装载摩托车的货轮只身远赴法国学习音乐。当时，小泽一贫如洗，经常要为第二天的饭食发愁。他曾因为没钱回家而患上了严重的思乡病，精神抑郁，又持续发着低烧，医生给他开的药方是到诺曼底修道院呆上3个月。那里静得怕人，又冷得要命，让小泽终于认识到世俗世界的可爱和温暖，对生活和音乐又焕发起热情。1959年，小泽参加贝桑松国际指挥比赛一举夺冠，一夜之间成了当时欧洲家喻户晓的知名人物。至此，小泽走上了自己的艺术腾飞之路。

活跃在世界舞台

1960年，经乐坛大师、比赛评委之一的查理·明希推荐，小泽参加了波士顿交响乐团每年夏天在美国麻省举办的坦格尔伍德乐展。以此为契机，1961年，小泽被选拔出任了伯恩斯坦率领的纽约爱乐乐团的副指挥，而且还在卡拉扬的弟子选拔赛中胜出。小泽有幸在20世纪下半叶受到指挥界两位最伟大的指挥家卡拉扬和伯恩斯坦的熏陶。拥有这种经历的小泽，可谓是古典乐界的传奇。

但学成归国的小泽却遭到了日本交响乐团成员的抵制。经历过这段不愉快经历之后，小泽放弃日本，将目光投向了广阔的世界舞台。从1973年开始担任美国波士顿交响乐团音乐总监后，小泽跻身世界最优秀的指挥家行列。在波士顿近30年的指挥生涯中小泽创造了古典乐坛的奇迹，使乐团成为国际上最优秀的交响乐团之一。

出生在沈阳的小泽曾多次访问中国，有很强的中国情结。在母亲去世后，小泽选择将其一部分骨灰埋在北京胡同的院子里，那是他儿时的家。小泽曾在维也纳新年音乐会上用中文说“新年好”向全世界问候；也曾指挥维也纳国家歌剧院交响乐团在人民大会堂和上海东方艺术中心举办过音乐会；他创建的“小泽征尔音乐塾”曾在中国招生，将他们带到更广阔的国际舞台……

Seiji Ozawa ©Michiharu Okubo

在沈阳与辽宁交响乐团合作演出德沃夏克《第九交响曲》时，小泽倾注了很大的精力和耐心。当时第一遍排练还没结束，小泽就决定对沈阳交响乐团成员进行个人演奏过关训练。这绝不是大师级指挥家该做的事，小泽则说他想送给沈阳市人民一台满意的交响乐。每天训练6个钟头，疲劳过度的小泽先是蹲在地板上指挥，后来干脆就跪在地板上指挥。遇到因难以过关而生出放弃念头的小提琴手，他也没发火，只是一次次地请她再来一遍。当第一小提琴手过关时，小泽大口喘息接过毛巾笑着说：“你们都行，谁也没有理由泄气……”

获得过众多荣誉的小泽并不是天才，他的成功靠的是努力，他的生活方式就是学习、学习、再学习。日本作曲家武满彻曾经在小泽寓所住过一段时间，目睹过大师的勤奋，他说：“每天清晨4点钟，小泽屋里就亮起灯，他开始读总谱。真没想到，他是如此用功。”

(Quelle: 易网，略有删节)

Torino (AFI: /toˈrino/[5], ascolta[?·info]; Turin in piemontese [tyˈriŋ], ascolta[?·info] [6]) è un comune italiano di 852 223 abitanti (al 30 settembre 2021)[2], quarto comune italiano per popolazione e capoluogo dell'omonima città metropolitana e della regione Piemonte. Cuore di un'area metropolitana, Torino è il terzo complesso economico-produttivo del Paese e costituisce uno dei maggiori poli universitari, artistici, turistici, scientifici e culturali d'Italia. Nel suo territorio sono inoltre presenti aree ed edifici inclusi in due beni protetti dall'UNESCO: alcuni palazzi e zone facenti parte del circuito di residenze sabaude in Piemonte (patrimonio dell'umanità[7]) e l'area delle colline del Po (riserva della biosfera).

Città dalla storia bimillenaria, fu fondata probabilmente nei pressi della posizione attuale, attorno al III secolo a.C., dai Taurini, quindi trasformata in colonia romana da Augusto col nome di Iulia Augusta Taurinorum nel I secolo a.C.. Dopo il dominio ostrogoto, fu capitale di un importante ducato longobardo, per poi passare, dopo essere divenuta capitale di marca carolingia, sotto la signoria nominale dei Savoia nell'XI secolo. Città dell'omonimo ducato, nel 1563 ne divenne capitale. Dal 1720 fu capitale del Regno di Sardegna (anche se solo de facto fino alla fusione perfetta del 1847, quando lo divenne anche formalmente),[8] Stato che nel XIX secolo avrebbe portato all'unificazione italiana e che fece di Torino la prima capitale del Regno d'Italia (dal 1861 al 1865).

Sede nel 2006 dei XX Giochi olimpici invernali, nel 2022 della 66ª edizione dell'Eurovision Song Contest[9], città natale di alcuni fra i maggiori simboli del Made in Italy nel mondo, come il Vermut, il cioccolato gianduja e il caffè espresso, è il fulcro dell'industria automobilistica italiana, nonché importante centro dell'editoria, del sistema bancario e assicurativo, delle tecnologie dell'informazione, del cinema, dell'enogastronomia, del settore aerospaziale, del disegno industriale, dello sport e della moda.

Dominio de Pingus is a Spanish winery located in Quintanilla de Onésimo in Valladolid province with vineyards in La Horra area of the Ribera del Duero region. The estate's flagship wine, Pingus, is considered a "cult wine", sold at extremely high prices while remaining very inaccessible,[1][2] and commands an average price of $811 per bottle.[3]

The winery also produces a second wine, Flor de Pingus, and a special cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia". Recently, Dominio de Pingus has founded a joint project with local grape producers to make an old vine tempranillo called "PSI".

Dominio de Pingus was established in 1995 by Danish oenologist Peter Sisseck, also manager of the Pesquera de Duero estate Hacienda Monasterio.[4] On the estate's winemaking philosophies, Sisseck has stated, "The vines in my plots are very old. They have never been fertilised nor treated with pesticides and all grow following the traditional en vaso system. They are perfect."[4]

About the first 1995 vintage of Pingus, Robert Parker declared, "One of the greatest and most exciting wines I have ever tasted".[5] With a very limited first vintage production, only 325 cases were made with prices initially set at US$200 per bottle, it became yet more scarce when in November 1997 the ship transporting a U.S. bound shipment of 75 cases disappeared somewhere off the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean.[6] The shipwreck resulted in a dramatic reaction in the US market, with prices soon rising to $495 per bottle.[5][6]

At the Ronda WineCreator conference of April 2008, Sisseck was angered by suggestions by Decanter editor Guy Woodward that some winemakers make wines to suit the palates of certain critics. In response he called Woodward's remarks arrogant for implying winemakers do not have their own opinions, adding, "I don't even think it is possible to do this."[7]

In 2007 it was announced that the Spanish government had approved plans to expand highway roads through the vineyards of Dominio de Pingus and other wineries, which was met with strong opposition by Sisseck who called it a "vengeful measure".[8]

Planted with very old vines of Tinto Fino, i.e. Tempranillo, the vineyards are 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) in Barrosso with vines exceeding 65 years and 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) in San Cristobal with vines older than 70 years, and the unusually low average yield of 12 hL per hectare. Since 2000, the viticulture has been biodynamic. Of the annual production of Pingus there is typically less than 500 cases, though in poor vintages no Pingus is made.

The production of the second wine Flor de Pingus, also 100% Tempranillo, is made with fruit from rented vineyards in the La Horra zone, with vines older than 35 years. Since the 2005 vintage, the viticulture has been biodynamic. The annual production is on average 4,000 cases.

Additionally there has been the single barrel cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia", made from a vineyard parcel of 100+ year old vines with an average yield of 10 hL per hectare, with biodynamic viticulture since its initial 2003 vintage. The 2005 vintage had a production of 25 cases.

"PSI" is a joint project based on fruit produced by local grape growers from old tempranillo vines. The goal is to help grape producers and save old vines. Project was founded in 2006, first vintage was 2007. Grape growers are encouraged to employ biodynamic or organic vineyard management practices. The wine is made by Peter Sisseck and Pablo Rubio and sold under producer name Bodegas y Viñedos Alnardo. Vinification takes place in large concrete vats and aging in concrete and wooden tanks and oak barrels. Production of PSI 2009 was 9,600 cases, PSI 2010 was 16,600 cases.