Torino (AFI: /toˈrino/[5], ascolta[?·info]; Turin in piemontese [tyˈriŋ], ascolta[?·info] [6]) è un comune italiano di 852 223 abitanti (al 30 settembre 2021)[2], quarto comune italiano per popolazione e capoluogo dell'omonima città metropolitana e della regione Piemonte. Cuore di un'area metropolitana, Torino è il terzo complesso economico-produttivo del Paese e costituisce uno dei maggiori poli universitari, artistici, turistici, scientifici e culturali d'Italia. Nel suo territorio sono inoltre presenti aree ed edifici inclusi in due beni protetti dall'UNESCO: alcuni palazzi e zone facenti parte del circuito di residenze sabaude in Piemonte (patrimonio dell'umanità[7]) e l'area delle colline del Po (riserva della biosfera).
Città dalla storia bimillenaria, fu fondata probabilmente nei pressi della posizione attuale, attorno al III secolo a.C., dai Taurini, quindi trasformata in colonia romana da Augusto col nome di Iulia Augusta Taurinorum nel I secolo a.C.. Dopo il dominio ostrogoto, fu capitale di un importante ducato longobardo, per poi passare, dopo essere divenuta capitale di marca carolingia, sotto la signoria nominale dei Savoia nell'XI secolo. Città dell'omonimo ducato, nel 1563 ne divenne capitale. Dal 1720 fu capitale del Regno di Sardegna (anche se solo de facto fino alla fusione perfetta del 1847, quando lo divenne anche formalmente),[8] Stato che nel XIX secolo avrebbe portato all'unificazione italiana e che fece di Torino la prima capitale del Regno d'Italia (dal 1861 al 1865).
Sede nel 2006 dei XX Giochi olimpici invernali, nel 2022 della 66ª edizione dell'Eurovision Song Contest[9], città natale di alcuni fra i maggiori simboli del Made in Italy nel mondo, come il Vermut, il cioccolato gianduja e il caffè espresso, è il fulcro dell'industria automobilistica italiana, nonché importante centro dell'editoria, del sistema bancario e assicurativo, delle tecnologie dell'informazione, del cinema, dell'enogastronomia, del settore aerospaziale, del disegno industriale, dello sport e della moda.
我将真心付给了你
将悲伤留给我自己
我将青春付给了你
将岁月留给我自己
我将生命付给了你
将孤独留给我自己
我将春天付给了你
将冬天留给我自己
爱是没有人能了解的东西
爱是永恒的旋律
爱是欢乐泪珠飘落的过程
爱曾经是我也是你
我将春天付给了你
将冬天留给我自己
我将你的背影留给我自己
却将自己给了你
我将生命付给了你
将孤独留给我自己
我将春天付给了你
将冬天留给我自己
爱是没有人能了解的东西
爱是永恒的旋律
爱是欢乐泪珠飘落的过程
爱曾经是我也是你
我将春天付给了你
将冬天留给我自己
我将你的背影留给我自己
却将自己给了你
发行磁带上的歌手姓名列表（共112名，按照姓名笔画排列）：
丁武，于佳易，于海燕，于静燕，马晓艺，马凌彦，王兰，王虹，王迪，王立森， 王洁实，王路明，方逊，方智，方霆，方霈，韦唯，毛阿敏，田鸣，田震， 庄鲁迅，吕邦银，吕仰平，傅迪声，刘谷，刘岩，刘欣茹，刘巍巍，刘建国，朱桦， 成方圆，任雁，牟杰，牟玄甫，华欣，迟飞飞，托雅，孙国庆，孙英华，乔姗， 乔晓彬，杜雷，吴晓芸，吴晓虹，吴晶晶，刑岩，劳俊浩，时延燕，许丽娟，陈莉丽， 陈梅荣，应楠，宋明华，李征，李泰波，李爱萍，李方方，李玲玉，张暴默，张世柱， 张伟进，张燕妮，张海波，张青，张晶，张宝国，张彤，张锡瑾，张波，张静， 尚凤琴，郑绪岚，周峰，岳娜，岳彩帼，姜浩东，孟地，赵金华，赵雅林，赵刚， 赵大为，赵丽，林静，柳培德，胡晓晴，胡斌，胡月，胡寅寅，胡佑山，胡平， 相青，郭容，郭鸣凤（应为郭鸣岚），祁竺蕾，徐小燕，徐明，索宝丽，贾燕，黄红英，黄强， 崔健，常宽，梁竹，曾咏贤，程伟，蒋强，紫沙莉，蔡其平，蔡国庆，蔡金梁， 谢莉斯，霍永承
其中田震参与了录音，但未出现在演唱会现场。
廖昌永演唱
01.林憶蓮-傷痕 - 02.任贤齐 - 天涯 - 03.梁靜茹 分手快樂 歌詞 - 04.梁靜茹 -無條件為你 - 05.曹格 -背叛 - 06.林依晨 -孤單北半球 - 07.郁可唯 -指望 - 08.周華健 -有沒有一首歌會讓你想起我 - 09.花心 周华健 - 10.黃品源-小薇 - 11.莫文蔚-陰天 - 12.梁靜茹 -可惜不是你 - 13.張震嶽 -愛我別走 - 14.陳昇 -把悲傷留給自己 - 15.辛晓琪 - 领悟 - 16.凡人歌 - 李宗盛 - 17.任賢齊 -對面的女孩看過來 - 18.爱相随 周华健 - 19.伍佰 - 挪威的森林 - 20.劉若英 -後來 - 21.赵咏华 - 最浪漫的事 - 22.莫文蔚 他不愛我
夜上海 Shanghai Nite 天涯歌女 Vagrant Singing Girl 花好月圆 Blooming Flower and Full Moon 月光小夜曲 Moonlight Serenade 五月的風 May Wind 香格里拉 Shangri-La 落花流水 Falling Flowers and Flowing Water 我家在哪裡 Where is My Home 給我一個吻 Give Me A Kiss 蘇州河邊 Over the Suzhou River
敲敲門 Knocking at Your Door 採檳榔 Pick the Better Palm 雨中徘徊 Wander in the Rain 04 嘆十聲 Ten Sighs 如果沒有你 If Without You 明月千里寄相思 Sending Love Thousands of Miles 江水向東流 The River Flows Eastward 08 昨夜你對我一笑 Smile with Me in Last Night 相思河畔 By the River of Lovesickness 我找到自己 I Find Myself 祝你順風 A Pleasant Journey to You 01. 00:00 花樣的年華 【詞：范煙橋 曲：林枚 原唱：周璇】 02. 03:26 鳳凰于飛 【詞：陳蝶衣 曲：陳歌辛 原唱：周璇】 03. 07:20 天上人間 【詞：楊彥歧 曲：姚敏 原唱：李麗華】 04. 11:26 西湖春 【蘇州話】 【詞：江濤 曲：陳歌辛 華語原唱：李麗華】 05. 14:52 桃李爭春 【現場版】 【詞：李雋青 曲：陳歌辛 原唱：白光】 06. 18:49 我有一段情 【詞：辛夷 曲：姚敏 原唱：吳鶯音】 07. 23:29 薔薇處處開 【詞：陳歌辛 曲：陳歌辛 原唱：龔秋霞】 08. 27:09 小小洞房 【滬語】 【詞：吳祖光 曲：陳歌辛 華語原唱：周璇】 09. 31:07 月圓花好 【詞：范煙橋 曲：嚴華 原唱：周璇】 10. 34:43 永遠的微笑 【詞：陳歌辛 曲：陳歌辛 原唱：周璇】 11. 39:29 情人的眼淚 【詞：陳蝶衣 曲：姚敏 原唱：潘秀瓊】 12. 44:46 今宵多珍重 【詞：林達 曲：王福齡 原唱：崔萍】
Weinbrand ist ein Gattungsbegriff für Spirituosen aus einem Weindestillat. Als Handelsbezeichnung ist der Begriff „Weinbrand“ EU-rechtlich definiert und insbesondere vom Branntwein und anderen Spirituosen abgegrenzt.[1] Destillate aus Wein gehören zu den ältesten Spirituosen der Welt. Vermutlich wurden bereits seit 1000 n. Chr. im Gebiet der heutigen Türkei hochprozentige alkoholische Getränke aus Wein gebrannt.[2] In Europa verbreiteten sich Weindestillate im Hochmittelalter und wurden zunächst vor allem zu medizinischen Zwecken genutzt.[3] Über das mittelniederdeutsche brandewīn entstand der englische Begriff brandy wine. Dieser zu „Brandy“ verkürzte Name wird in vielen europäischen Ländern, wie England, Italien und Spanien benutzt, im Deutschen beispielsweise oft in Cocktailrezepten.[4] Die einschlägige EU-Verordnung setzt heute Brandy und Weinbrand gleich.
白兰地，从荷兰语 Brandewijn 而来，意思为“烧的酒”，16世纪时，荷兰为海上运输大国，法国是葡萄酒重要产地，荷兰船主将法国葡萄酒运往世界各地，但当时英国和法国开战，海上交通经常中断，葡萄酒贮藏占地费用大，于是荷兰商人想将葡萄酒蒸馏浓缩，可节省贮藏空间和运输费用，运到目的地后再兑水出售。但意想不到的是浓缩的酒更受欢迎，而且贮藏时间越长酒味越醇，从此，出现一种新酒，蒸馏葡萄酒—白兰地。
一升白兰地大约需要八升葡萄酒浓缩，蒸馏出的酒是近乎无色的，但在橡木桶中贮藏时，将橡木的色素溶入酒中，形成褐色。年代越久，颜色越深。由于有颜色的更受欢迎，目前酿酒厂都使用焦糖加色。
目前世界最好的白兰地产地是法国夏朗德省(Charente)的干邑(科尼亚克Cognac)周围地区和热尔省(Gers)的亚文邑(阿马尼亚克Armagnac)地区，这些地区传统生产白兰地，酒厂年代久远，因此有用以勾兑的老酒，价格也昂贵。世界著名的品牌如轩尼诗(Hennessy)、马爹利(Martell)、金御鹿(Hine)、人头马(Remy Martin)、路易老爹(Louis Royer)、百事吉(Bisquit)等都出自干邑地区。
一般俗称白兰地，是用葡萄酒加以蒸馏浓缩製成；但广义来说，只要是以果酒为基底，加以蒸馏製成的酒类，都可以称为白兰地，不过在名称前面加上相应的水果名称，如“苹果白兰地”、“樱桃白兰地”、“草莓白兰地”、“欧李白兰地”等。
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of both aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France.[1][2]
In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy).[3][1] These products are also called eau de vie (which translates to "water of life").
Dominio de Pingus is a Spanish winery located in Quintanilla de Onésimo in Valladolid province with vineyards in La Horra area of the Ribera del Duero region. The estate's flagship wine, Pingus, is considered a "cult wine", sold at extremely high prices while remaining very inaccessible,[1][2] and commands an average price of $811 per bottle.[3]
The winery also produces a second wine, Flor de Pingus, and a special cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia". Recently, Dominio de Pingus has founded a joint project with local grape producers to make an old vine tempranillo called "PSI".
Dominio de Pingus was established in 1995 by Danish oenologist Peter Sisseck, also manager of the Pesquera de Duero estate Hacienda Monasterio.[4] On the estate's winemaking philosophies, Sisseck has stated, "The vines in my plots are very old. They have never been fertilised nor treated with pesticides and all grow following the traditional en vaso system. They are perfect."[4]
About the first 1995 vintage of Pingus, Robert Parker declared, "One of the greatest and most exciting wines I have ever tasted".[5] With a very limited first vintage production, only 325 cases were made with prices initially set at US$200 per bottle, it became yet more scarce when in November 1997 the ship transporting a U.S. bound shipment of 75 cases disappeared somewhere off the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean.[6] The shipwreck resulted in a dramatic reaction in the US market, with prices soon rising to $495 per bottle.[5][6]
At the Ronda WineCreator conference of April 2008, Sisseck was angered by suggestions by Decanter editor Guy Woodward that some winemakers make wines to suit the palates of certain critics. In response he called Woodward's remarks arrogant for implying winemakers do not have their own opinions, adding, "I don't even think it is possible to do this."[7]
In 2007 it was announced that the Spanish government had approved plans to expand highway roads through the vineyards of Dominio de Pingus and other wineries, which was met with strong opposition by Sisseck who called it a "vengeful measure".[8]
Planted with very old vines of Tinto Fino, i.e. Tempranillo, the vineyards are 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) in Barrosso with vines exceeding 65 years and 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) in San Cristobal with vines older than 70 years, and the unusually low average yield of 12 hL per hectare. Since 2000, the viticulture has been biodynamic. Of the annual production of Pingus there is typically less than 500 cases, though in poor vintages no Pingus is made.
The production of the second wine Flor de Pingus, also 100% Tempranillo, is made with fruit from rented vineyards in the La Horra zone, with vines older than 35 years. Since the 2005 vintage, the viticulture has been biodynamic. The annual production is on average 4,000 cases.
Additionally there has been the single barrel cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia", made from a vineyard parcel of 100+ year old vines with an average yield of 10 hL per hectare, with biodynamic viticulture since its initial 2003 vintage. The 2005 vintage had a production of 25 cases.
"PSI" is a joint project based on fruit produced by local grape growers from old tempranillo vines. The goal is to help grape producers and save old vines. Project was founded in 2006, first vintage was 2007. Grape growers are encouraged to employ biodynamic or organic vineyard management practices. The wine is made by Peter Sisseck and Pablo Rubio and sold under producer name Bodegas y Viñedos Alnardo. Vinification takes place in large concrete vats and aging in concrete and wooden tanks and oak barrels. Production of PSI 2009 was 9,600 cases, PSI 2010 was 16,600 cases.