Dominio de Pingus is a Spanish winery located in Quintanilla de Onésimo in Valladolid province with vineyards in La Horra area of the Ribera del Duero region. The estate's flagship wine, Pingus, is considered a "cult wine", sold at extremely high prices while remaining very inaccessible,[1][2] and commands an average price of $811 per bottle.[3]
The winery also produces a second wine, Flor de Pingus, and a special cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia". Recently, Dominio de Pingus has founded a joint project with local grape producers to make an old vine tempranillo called "PSI".
Dominio de Pingus was established in 1995 by Danish oenologist Peter Sisseck, also manager of the Pesquera de Duero estate Hacienda Monasterio.[4] On the estate's winemaking philosophies, Sisseck has stated, "The vines in my plots are very old. They have never been fertilised nor treated with pesticides and all grow following the traditional en vaso system. They are perfect."[4]
About the first 1995 vintage of Pingus, Robert Parker declared, "One of the greatest and most exciting wines I have ever tasted".[5] With a very limited first vintage production, only 325 cases were made with prices initially set at US$200 per bottle, it became yet more scarce when in November 1997 the ship transporting a U.S. bound shipment of 75 cases disappeared somewhere off the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean.[6] The shipwreck resulted in a dramatic reaction in the US market, with prices soon rising to $495 per bottle.[5][6]
At the Ronda WineCreator conference of April 2008, Sisseck was angered by suggestions by Decanter editor Guy Woodward that some winemakers make wines to suit the palates of certain critics. In response he called Woodward's remarks arrogant for implying winemakers do not have their own opinions, adding, "I don't even think it is possible to do this."[7]
In 2007 it was announced that the Spanish government had approved plans to expand highway roads through the vineyards of Dominio de Pingus and other wineries, which was met with strong opposition by Sisseck who called it a "vengeful measure".[8]
Planted with very old vines of Tinto Fino, i.e. Tempranillo, the vineyards are 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) in Barrosso with vines exceeding 65 years and 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) in San Cristobal with vines older than 70 years, and the unusually low average yield of 12 hL per hectare. Since 2000, the viticulture has been biodynamic. Of the annual production of Pingus there is typically less than 500 cases, though in poor vintages no Pingus is made.
The production of the second wine Flor de Pingus, also 100% Tempranillo, is made with fruit from rented vineyards in the La Horra zone, with vines older than 35 years. Since the 2005 vintage, the viticulture has been biodynamic. The annual production is on average 4,000 cases.
Additionally there has been the single barrel cuvée, Ribera del Duero "Amelia", made from a vineyard parcel of 100+ year old vines with an average yield of 10 hL per hectare, with biodynamic viticulture since its initial 2003 vintage. The 2005 vintage had a production of 25 cases.
"PSI" is a joint project based on fruit produced by local grape growers from old tempranillo vines. The goal is to help grape producers and save old vines. Project was founded in 2006, first vintage was 2007. Grape growers are encouraged to employ biodynamic or organic vineyard management practices. The wine is made by Peter Sisseck and Pablo Rubio and sold under producer name Bodegas y Viñedos Alnardo. Vinification takes place in large concrete vats and aging in concrete and wooden tanks and oak barrels. Production of PSI 2009 was 9,600 cases, PSI 2010 was 16,600 cases.
Weinbrand ist ein Gattungsbegriff für Spirituosen aus einem Weindestillat. Als Handelsbezeichnung ist der Begriff „Weinbrand“ EU-rechtlich definiert und insbesondere vom Branntwein und anderen Spirituosen abgegrenzt.[1] Destillate aus Wein gehören zu den ältesten Spirituosen der Welt. Vermutlich wurden bereits seit 1000 n. Chr. im Gebiet der heutigen Türkei hochprozentige alkoholische Getränke aus Wein gebrannt.[2] In Europa verbreiteten sich Weindestillate im Hochmittelalter und wurden zunächst vor allem zu medizinischen Zwecken genutzt.[3] Über das mittelniederdeutsche brandewīn entstand der englische Begriff brandy wine. Dieser zu „Brandy“ verkürzte Name wird in vielen europäischen Ländern, wie England, Italien und Spanien benutzt, im Deutschen beispielsweise oft in Cocktailrezepten.[4] Die einschlägige EU-Verordnung setzt heute Brandy und Weinbrand gleich.
白兰地，从荷兰语 Brandewijn 而来，意思为“烧的酒”，16世纪时，荷兰为海上运输大国，法国是葡萄酒重要产地，荷兰船主将法国葡萄酒运往世界各地，但当时英国和法国开战，海上交通经常中断，葡萄酒贮藏占地费用大，于是荷兰商人想将葡萄酒蒸馏浓缩，可节省贮藏空间和运输费用，运到目的地后再兑水出售。但意想不到的是浓缩的酒更受欢迎，而且贮藏时间越长酒味越醇，从此，出现一种新酒，蒸馏葡萄酒—白兰地。
一升白兰地大约需要八升葡萄酒浓缩，蒸馏出的酒是近乎无色的，但在橡木桶中贮藏时，将橡木的色素溶入酒中，形成褐色。年代越久，颜色越深。由于有颜色的更受欢迎，目前酿酒厂都使用焦糖加色。
目前世界最好的白兰地产地是法国夏朗德省(Charente)的干邑(科尼亚克Cognac)周围地区和热尔省(Gers)的亚文邑(阿马尼亚克Armagnac)地区，这些地区传统生产白兰地，酒厂年代久远，因此有用以勾兑的老酒，价格也昂贵。世界著名的品牌如轩尼诗(Hennessy)、马爹利(Martell)、金御鹿(Hine)、人头马(Remy Martin)、路易老爹(Louis Royer)、百事吉(Bisquit)等都出自干邑地区。
一般俗称白兰地，是用葡萄酒加以蒸馏浓缩製成；但广义来说，只要是以果酒为基底，加以蒸馏製成的酒类，都可以称为白兰地，不过在名称前面加上相应的水果名称，如“苹果白兰地”、“樱桃白兰地”、“草莓白兰地”、“欧李白兰地”等。
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of both aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France.[1][2]
In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy).[3][1] These products are also called eau de vie (which translates to "water of life").
Torino (AFI: /toˈrino/[5], ascolta[?·info]; Turin in piemontese [tyˈriŋ], ascolta[?·info] [6]) è un comune italiano di 852 223 abitanti (al 30 settembre 2021)[2], quarto comune italiano per popolazione e capoluogo dell'omonima città metropolitana e della regione Piemonte. Cuore di un'area metropolitana, Torino è il terzo complesso economico-produttivo del Paese e costituisce uno dei maggiori poli universitari, artistici, turistici, scientifici e culturali d'Italia. Nel suo territorio sono inoltre presenti aree ed edifici inclusi in due beni protetti dall'UNESCO: alcuni palazzi e zone facenti parte del circuito di residenze sabaude in Piemonte (patrimonio dell'umanità[7]) e l'area delle colline del Po (riserva della biosfera).
Città dalla storia bimillenaria, fu fondata probabilmente nei pressi della posizione attuale, attorno al III secolo a.C., dai Taurini, quindi trasformata in colonia romana da Augusto col nome di Iulia Augusta Taurinorum nel I secolo a.C.. Dopo il dominio ostrogoto, fu capitale di un importante ducato longobardo, per poi passare, dopo essere divenuta capitale di marca carolingia, sotto la signoria nominale dei Savoia nell'XI secolo. Città dell'omonimo ducato, nel 1563 ne divenne capitale. Dal 1720 fu capitale del Regno di Sardegna (anche se solo de facto fino alla fusione perfetta del 1847, quando lo divenne anche formalmente),[8] Stato che nel XIX secolo avrebbe portato all'unificazione italiana e che fece di Torino la prima capitale del Regno d'Italia (dal 1861 al 1865).
Sede nel 2006 dei XX Giochi olimpici invernali, nel 2022 della 66ª edizione dell'Eurovision Song Contest[9], città natale di alcuni fra i maggiori simboli del Made in Italy nel mondo, come il Vermut, il cioccolato gianduja e il caffè espresso, è il fulcro dell'industria automobilistica italiana, nonché importante centro dell'editoria, del sistema bancario e assicurativo, delle tecnologie dell'informazione, del cinema, dell'enogastronomia, del settore aerospaziale, del disegno industriale, dello sport e della moda.
源自一八一六年法国复辟王朝的决策，巴黎美术学院矗立在巴黎市左岸的圣日尔曼德佩区，整个学院有如堆叠交错的建筑史拼图，一砖一石都像引人去解开其谜团的拼块。费里克斯·杜班（Felix Duban）将法国文艺复兴的建筑残片，植入盈满古典及现代意大利风的美术学院，建构出一个浪漫主义的理想之城；借由混搭不同时代的建筑，引人走入历史梦幻的诗意美学。
美术学院的历史可追溯至1648年建立的王家绘画雕塑院，该学院由马萨林创建，由勒布朗担任院长。其设素描、油画、雕塑、版画、建筑等课程。
Aix-en-Provence: 埃克斯高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art d’Aix-en-Provence
Amiens: 亚眠高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et de design d’Amiens
Angers: 土尔 | 昂热 | 勒芒高等美术学院（昂热校区） École supérieure des beaux-arts Tours Angers Le Mans | site Angers
Angoulême: 欧洲高等图像学院（昂古莱姆校区） École européenne supérieure de l’image | Site Angoulême
Annecy: 安纳西高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art de l’agglomération d’Annecy
Arles: 阿尔勒国立高等摄影学院 École National Supérieure de la Photographie
Avignon: 阿维尼翁高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art d’Avignon
Besançon: 贝桑松 | 弗朗什-孔泰高等美术学院 Institut supérieur des beaux-arts de Besançon / Franche-Comté
Biarritz: Rocailles 高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art des Rocailles
Bordeaux: 波尔多高等艺术学院 École d’enseignement supérieur d’art de Bordeaux
Bourges: 布尔日国立高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’art de Bourges
Brest: 布列塔尼欧洲高等艺术学院（布雷斯特校区） École européenne supérieure d’art de Bretagne | site Brest
Caen: 卡昂 | 瑟堡高等艺术与媒体学院（卡昂校区） École supérieure d’arts & médias de Caen-Cherbourg | Site Caen
Cambrai: 康布雷高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art de Cambrai
Cergy: 巴黎塞尔吉高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’arts Paris-Cergy
Chalon-sur-Saône: Fructidor媒体艺术学院 École média art | Fructidor – e | m | a | fructidor
Cherbourg: 卡昂 | 瑟堡艺术与媒体（瑟堡校区） École supérieure d’arts & médias de Caen-Cherbourg | Site Cherbourg
Clermont-Ferrand: 克莱蒙费朗高等艺术学院 École Supérieure d’Art de Clermont Métropole
Dijon: 第戎国立高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’art de Dijon
Dunkerque: 北部-加来海峡高等艺术学院（敦刻尔克校区） École Supérieure d’Art du Nord-Pas de Calais/Dunkerque-Tourcoing | site Dunkerque
Épinal: 洛林高等艺术学院（埃皮纳勒校区） École supérieure d’art de Lorraine | site Épinal
Fort-de-France: 马提尼克岛图形艺术区立学院（海外省） Institut régional d’art visuel de Martinique
Grenoble: 格勒诺布尔 | 瓦朗斯设计与艺术学院（格勒诺布尔） École Supérieure d’Art et Design •Grenoble •Valence | site ÉSAD • Grenoble
Le Havre: 勒阿弗尔 | 鲁昂高等艺术与设计学院（勒阿弗尔校区） École supérieure d’art et design Le Havre Rouen | site Le Havre
Le Mans: 土尔 | 昂热 | 勒芒高等美术学院（勒芒校区） École supérieure des beaux-arts Tours Angers Le Mans | site Le Mans
Le Port: 留尼汪高等艺术学院（海外省） École supérieure d’art de La Réunion
Limoges: 利摩日国立高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’art de Limoges
Lorient: 布列塔尼欧洲高等艺术学院（洛里昂校区） École européenne supérieure d’art de Bretagne | site Lorient
Lyon: 里昂国立高等美术学院 École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon
Marseille: 马赛地中海高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et de design de Marseille-Méditerranée
Metz: 洛林高等艺术学院（梅兹校区） École supérieure d’art de Lorraine | site Metz
Monaco: 摩纳哥高等造型艺术学院 Pavillon Bosio – École supérieure d’arts plastiques de la ville de Monaco
Montpellier: 蒙彼利埃高等美术学院 École supérieure des beaux-arts de Montpellier Agglomération
Mulhouse: 莱茵高等艺术学院（米卢斯校区） Haute école des arts du Rhin | site Le Quai Mulhouse
Nancy: 南希国立高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’art de Nancy
Nantes: 南特高等美术学院 École supérieure des beaux-arts de Nantes Métropole
Nice: 尼斯国立高等艺术学院 École nationale supérieure d’art de Nice – Villa Arson
Nîmes: 尼姆高等美术学院 École supérieure des beaux-arts de Nîmes
Orléans: 奥尔良高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et de design d’Orléans
Paris: 巴黎国立高等美术学院 École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts
巴黎国立高等装饰艺术学院 École Nationale des Arts Décoratifs
巴黎国立高等工业设计学院 École Nationale Supérieure de Création Industrielle
巴黎国立高等国像与音响技术学院 La Femis
Pau: 比利牛斯山高等艺术学院（波城校区） École supérieure d’art des Pyrénées — Pau Tarbes | site Pau
Perpignan: 佩皮尼昂高等艺术学院 Haute école d’art Perpignan
Poitiers: 欧洲高等图像学院（普瓦捷校区） École européenne supérieure de l’image | Site Poitiers
Quimper: 布列塔尼欧洲高等艺术学院（坎佩尔校区） École européenne supérieure d’art de Bretagne | site Quimper
Reims: 兰斯高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et de design de Reims
Rennes: 布列塔尼欧洲高等艺术学院（雷恩校区） École européenne supérieure d’art de Bretagne | site Rennes
Rouen: 勒阿弗尔 | 鲁昂高等艺术与设计学院（鲁昂校区） École supérieure d’art et design Le Havre Rouen | site Rouen
Saint-Étienne: 圣艾蒂安高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et design de Saint-Étienne
Strasbourg: 莱茵高等艺术学院（斯特拉斯堡校区） Haute école des arts du Rhin | site ESAD Strasbourg
Tarbes: 比利牛斯山高等艺术学院（塔布校区） École supérieure d’art des Pyrénées — Pau Tarbes | site Tarbes
Toulon: 土伦高等艺术学院 École supérieure d’art Toulon-Provence-Méditerranée
Toulouse: 图卢兹高等艺术学院 Institut supérieur des arts de Toulouse
Tourcoing: 国立当代视听艺术创作中心和高等艺术研究院 Le Fresnoy – Studio national des arts contemporains
Tourcoing: 北部-加来海峡高等艺术学院（图尔宽校区） École Supérieure d’Art du Nord-Pas de Calais/Dunkerque-Tourcoing | site Tourcoing
Tours: 土尔 | 昂热 | 勒芒高等美术学院（土尔校区） École supérieure des beaux-arts Tours Angers Le Mans | site Tours
Valence: 格勒诺布尔 | 瓦朗斯设计与艺术学院（瓦朗斯校区） École Supérieure d’Art et Design •Grenoble •Valence | site ÉSAD •Valence
Valenciennes: 瓦朗谢讷高等艺术与设计学院 École supérieure d’art et de design de Valenciennes
男：给你一张过去的CD
听听那时我们的爱情
有时会突然忘了 我还在爱着你
女：再唱不出那样的歌曲
听到都会红着脸躲避
虽然会经常忘了 我依然爱着你
因为爱情 不会轻易悲伤
男：所以一切都是幸福的模样
女：因为爱情 简单的生长
男：依然随时可以为你疯狂
女：因为爱情 怎么会有沧桑
男：所以我们还是年轻的模样
女：因为爱情 在那个地方
男：依然还有人在那里游荡
合：人来人往
女：再唱不出那样的歌曲
听到都会红着脸躲避
虽然会经常忘了
合：我依然爱着你
女：因为爱情 不会轻易悲伤
男：所以一切都是幸福的模样
女：因为爱情 简单的生长
男：依然随时可以为你疯狂
女：因为爱情 怎么会有沧桑
男：所以我们还是年轻的模样
女：因为爱情 在那个地方
男：依然还有人在那里游荡
合：人来人往
男：给你一张过去的CD
听听那时我们的爱情
女：有时会突然忘了
合：我还在爱着你
